Cuprins
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This release drops official support for the HP PA-RISC ('hppa'), Alpha ('alpha') and ARM ('arm') architectures.
Următoarele arhitecturi sunt suportate oficial în Debian GNU/Linux squeeze:
32-bit PC ('i386')
SPARC („sparc”)
PowerPC („powerpc”)
MIPS („mips” (big-endian) și „mipsel” (little-endian))
Intel Itanium („ia64”)
S/390 („s390”)
64-bit PC ('amd64')
ARM (EABI) ('armel')
In addition to the officially supported architectures, Debian GNU/Linux squeeze introduces the GNU/kFreeBSD ports ('kfreebsd-amd64' and 'kfreebsd-i386') as a technology preview. These ports are the first ones included in a Debian release which aren't based on the Linux kernel, but instead use the FreeBSD kernel with a GNU userland. Users of these versions however should be warned that the quality of these ports is still catching up with the outstanding high quality of our Linux ports, and that some advanced desktop features are not supported yet. However, the support of common server software is strong and extends the features of Linux-based Debian versions by the unique features known from the BSD world. This is the first time a Linux distribution has been extended to also allow use of a non-Linux kernel.
Puteți să citiți mai multe despre starea portărilor și să aflați detalii specifice arhitecturii dumneavoastră pe paginile de web ale portărilor Debian.
Această nouă versiune Debian vine din nou cu mult mai mult software decât versiunea precedentă, lenny. Distribuția include peste 10352 de pachete noi, ajungând la un total de peste 29050 de pachete. Mare parte din programele din distribuție au fost actualizate: peste 15436 de pachete software (adică 67% din numărul de pachete din lenny). De asemenea, datorită unor motive diverse, un număr semnificativ de pachete (peste 4238, 18% din pachetele din lenny) au fost eliminate din distribuție. Pentru aceste pachete nu veți mai vedea actualizări, acestea fiind marcate ca „învechite” în interfețele de administrare a pachetelor.
With this release, Debian GNU/Linux updates from X.Org 7.3 to X.Org 7.5.
Debian GNU/Linux again ships with several desktop applications and environments. Among others it now includes the desktop environments GNOME 2.30[1], KDE 4.4.5, Xfce 4.6.2, and LXDE 0.5.0. Productivity applications have also been upgraded, including the office suites OpenOffice.org 3.2.1 and KOffice 2.2.1 as well as GNUcash 2.2.9, GNUmeric 1.10.8 and Abiword 2.8.2.
Updates of other desktop applications include the upgrade to
Evolution 2.30.3 and
Pidgin 2.7.3. The
Mozilla suite has also been
updated: iceweasel (version 3.5.13)
is the unbranded
Firefox
web browser and icedove (version
3.0.7) is the unbranded
Thunderbird
mail client.
Această versiune conține, printre multe altele, și următoarele actualizări:
The official Debian GNU/Linux distribution now ships on 4 to 5 binary
DVDs or 28
to 32 binary CDs
(depending on the architecture)
and 4 source DVDs or 28 source
CDs. Additionally, there is a
multi-arch DVD, with a subset of the
release for the amd64 and i386
architectures, along with the source code. Debian GNU/Linux is also released as
Blu-ray images, also for
the amd64 and i386 architectures,
along with the source code.
Debian still supports Linux Standard Base (LSB) version 3.2.
Some drivers included in the Linux kernel used to contain non-free firmware
blobs. Starting from squeeze this firmware has been moved to separate
packages in the non-free section of the archive, such as firmware-linux. If such packages are installed,
the firmware will be loaded automatically when required.
The preferred program for interactive package management from a terminal is
aptitude. For a non-interactive command line interface
for package management, it is recommended to use
apt-get. apt-get is also the
preferred tool for upgrades between major releases. If you are still using
dselect, you should switch to aptitude as the official front-end for package
management.
For squeeze APT automatically installs recommended packages by
default[2]. This can be changed by adding the following line in
/etc/apt/apt.conf:
APT::Install-Recommends "false";
An important improvement in the Debian GNU/Linux boot system is the introduction of dependency-based boot sequencing and parallel boot. This feature is enabled by default in new installs and it will be enabled for upgrades from lenny, if possible.
This feature is enabled through the use of insserv by sysv-rc to order init.d scripts based
on their declared dependencies[3]. It has been possible after a sustained effort to adapt all the
boot scripts of packages provided in the distribution as well as the boot
system itself.
With dependency-based boot sequencing it is also now possible to run the boot system scripts in parallel which can, under most circumstances, improve the speed of the boot process. This feature is enabled by default, in new systems and upgrades, whenever possible. To disable it specify
CONCURRENCY=none
in /etc/default/rcS. For more information on this
feature refer to the information available in
/usr/share/doc/insserv/README.Debian.
In this new release, the settings for the keyboard have been unified so that
both the console and the Xorg server use the same settings. The keyboard
settings are now defined in the /etc/default/keyboard
configuration file which overrides the keyboard defined in Xorg's
configuration file.
The console-setup package now
handles the keyboard for both environments as well as the font configuration
for the console. You can reconfigure the keyboard layout and related
settings by executing dpkg-reconfigure
keyboard-configuration or by manually editing the
/etc/default/keyboard configuration file.
Graphics mode setting code for the most common desktop chipsets (from Intel, ATI/AMD and NVIDIA) has moved from the respective Xorg drivers to the Linux kernel. This provides a number of advantages, such as:
More reliable suspend and resume
Ability to use graphics devices without X
Faster VT switch
Native mode text console
More details are in Secțiune 5.6, „Graphics stack changes” and in the Debian wiki.
This Debian release comes with several options for implementing client-side
authentication using LDAP. Users of the libnss-ldap and libpam-ldap packages should consider upgrading
to libnss-ldapd and libpam-ldapd.
These newer packages delegate the LDAP queries to a central unprivileged daemon (nslcd) that provides separation between the process using the LDAP information and the daemon performing LDAP queries. This simplifies handling of secured LDAP connections, LDAP authentication credentials, provides a simpler mechanism to perform connection fail-over and debugging and avoids loading LDAP and related libraries into most applications.
Upgrading to libnss-ldapd and
libpam-ldapd should be easy as
existing configuration information will be mostly reused. Only for advanced
configuration should any manual reconfiguration be necessary.
These packages however currently lack support for nested groups and only support password change using the LDAP password modify EXOP operation.
Toate modificările destinate distribuției stabile (și stabile anterioare)
trec printr-o perioadă de teste intensive înainte de a fi acceptate în
arhive. Fiecare asemenea actualizare a versiunii stabile (sau stabile
anterioare) se numește lansare intermediară. Pregătirile pentru versiunile
intermediare se fac prin mecanismul proposed-updates.
Packages can enter proposed-updates in two ways. Firstly,
security-patched packages added to security.debian.org are automatically
added to proposed-updates as well. Secondly, Debian GNU/Linux
developers may upload new packages to proposed-updates,
where they get added after review by the Stable Release Managers. The
current list of packages can be seen at http://ftp-master.debian.org/proposed-updates.html.
Dacă doriți să ajutați la testarea actualizărilor înainte de a fi adăugate
la o lansare intermediară puteți face acest lucru adăugând secțiunea
proposed-updates în sources.list:
deb http://mirrors.kernel.org/debian squeeze-proposed-updates main contrib deb-src http://mirrors.kernel.org/debian squeeze-proposed-updates main contrib
The next time you run apt-get update, the system will
become aware of the packages in the proposed-updates
section and will consider them when looking for packages to upgrade.
Aceasta nu este o facilitate chiar nouă în Debian, doar că nu a fost expusă prea mult în trecut.
Some packages from proposed-updates may also be made
available via the squeeze-updates mechanism. This
path will be used for updates which many users may wish to install on their
systems before the next point release is made, such as updates to virus
scanners and timezone data. All packages from
squeeze-updates will be included in point releases.
Note that this replaces the functionality previously provided by the volatile.debian.org archive.
In order to use packages from squeeze-updates, you
can add an entry to your sources.list:
deb http://mirrors.kernel.org/debian squeeze-updates main contrib deb-src http://mirrors.kernel.org/debian squeeze-updates main contrib
The next time you run apt-get update, the system will
become aware of the packages in the squeeze-updates
section and will consider them when looking for packages to upgrade.
When a new package is made available via
squeeze-updates, this will be announced on the
debian-stable-announce
mailing list.
The service provided by the backports.org repositories has been integrated in Debian infrastructure and is now an official Debian service, hosted at backports.debian.org.
With squeeze Debian provides official Live systems for the amd64 and i386 architectures.
A Debian Live system is a Debian system that can be booted directly from
removable media (CD-ROMs, DVDs, USB keys) or from another computer over the
network without the need of installation. The images are produced by a tool
named live-build, which can easily
be used to create custom live images. More information about the Debian Live
project can be found at http://live.debian.net/.
Debian GNU/Linux 6.0 is the first GNU/Linux distribution release ever to offer
comprehensive support for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based
neuroimaging research. It comes with up-to-date software for structural
image analysis (e.g. ants),
diffusion imaging and tractography (e.g. mrtrix), stimulus delivery (e.g. psychopy), MRI sequence development (e.g.
odin), as well as a number of
versatile data processing and analysis suites (e.g. nipype). Moreover, this release has built-in
support for all major neuroimaging data formats. See the Debian
Science and Debian Med
task pages for a comprehensive list of included software and the NeuroDebian webpage for further
information.
[1] With some modules from GNOME 2.32.
[2] This change implies that disk requirements for tasks selected through the debian installer have increased too. For more information please see the „Disk Space Needed for Tasks” chapter in the Installation Guide.
[3] These dependences are declared through the use of the header format specified in the Linux Standard Base (LSB)