Date: Sat, 2 Apr 94 00:07:32 PST From: Info-Hams Mailing List and Newsgroup <info-hams@ucsd.edu> Errors-To: Info-Hams-Errors@UCSD.Edu Reply-To: Info-Hams@UCSD.Edu Precedence: Bulk Subject: Info-Hams Digest V94 #365 To: Info-Hams Info-Hams Digest Sat, 2 Apr 94 Volume 94 : Issue 365 Today's Topics: Amateur Radio: Elmers List Info and Administrivia Amateur Radio: Elmers List Quick-Search Index NEED EXTRA CASH? READ THIS! Source for RF Power MOSFETS (IRF511) Send Replies or notes for publication to: <Info-Hams@UCSD.Edu> Send subscription requests to: <Info-Hams-REQUEST@UCSD.Edu> Problems you can't solve otherwise to brian@ucsd.edu. Archives of past issues of the Info-Hams Digest are available (by FTP only) from UCSD.Edu in directory "mailarchives/info-hams". We trust that readers are intelligent enough to realize that all text herein consists of personal comments and does not represent the official policies or positions of any party. Your mileage may vary. So there. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Fri, 1 Apr 1994 12:00:13 GMT From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!usc!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!news.kei.com!news.byu.edu!news.mtholyoke.edu!news.unomaha.edu!news@network.ucsd.edu Subject: Amateur Radio: Elmers List Info and Administrivia To: info-hams@ucsd.edu Posted-By: auto-faq 3.2.1.2 Archive-name: radio/ham-radio/elmers/admin Revision: 1.6 12/26/93 15:45:09 Changes: Added new index file, Gopher, WWW, and WAIS entries This administrivia file and the companion Amateur Radio Elmers Resource Directory are intended for non-commercial distribution via Usenet. Any other uses, please E-mail for permission. A Brief Historical Overview: ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ If there is any one constant in the changing state of the communications art, it is that "Hams" (Amateur Radio Operators) have always been on the forefront of it. Rumors abound where the term "Ham" came from. Some of the more amusing are described at the end of this article. Regardless of origin of the name, a "Ham" is universally recognizable as one who experiments in radio and communications. Whether it be constructing a low-power CW radio with vacuum tubes, or designing TCP/IP packet networks, such experimentation has historically spilled over into the mainstream such as was the case with Edwin Armstrong, who developed the regenerative oscillator and FM radio, or General Curtis LeMay (W6EZV) who was instrumental in making Single- Sideband the communications standard for the Strategic Air Command (1947-1992, now reorganized into a joint command called USSTRATCOM) and eventually the U.S. Air Force. Although packet-switching techniques originated from DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) and the ARPANet, no one can deny the tremendous influence that amateurs have had in demonstrating the viability of TCP/IP and AX.25 communications via radio links. The efforts of AMSAT (the Amateur Satellite Corporation), including the development of many ham satellites and the low-orbiting Microsats (communications satellites no bigger than a breadbox that use store-and forward packet techniques), have certainly advanced the state-of-the-art in communications, one of the defined purposes of the Amateur Radio Service, as recognized by international treaty. Since in many cases hams are writing "the book", there is often no "book" or other established reference for a beginner to refer to. Traditionally, information has been passed on from ham to ham via word- of-mouth. Like many of the traditional crafts, a variation of the Master-Apprentice system has emerged, the Elmer-Novice relationship. Called "Elmers" because they are usually older and wiser, having the benefit of many years in the hobby, including several failed projects, and an electric shock or two, they have traditionally been the mainstay of amateur radio, and the source of many new hams, particularly those interested in working on emerging technologies. Even more importantly, Elmers provided an outlet for the impatient newcomer who wanted "to know everything, and right away." Faced with such a request, a good Elmer will smile and proceed to lead the novice through some project or operating experience. Several hours, days, or weeks later, the novice would have his answers, but would have earned them. Even better, the sense of accomplishment would boost the novice's confidence and nudge him or her down the road to being a model, experienced ham operator. Many present hams feel that such an experience is missing today. In today's hustle-bustle world, the response to such natural curiosity and desire to learn is, more often than not, "I'm too busy" or "RTFM." As a result, the quality of new hams declines and the knowledge and operating habits they develop in their first formative months and years leave much to be desired. And the very same hams who claim that they "can't understand the new generation" also, in almost the same breath, lament about the "decline of amateur radio." What is an Elmer today? +++++++++++++++++++++++ An Elmer today is of any age, male or female, who has some expertise and is willing to share it with beginners. Elmers don't even need to be licensed amateurs, just people with knowledge in some area of electronics or communications technology. What is a Usenet Elmer? +++++++++++++++++++++++ With the ever-widening scope of the Internet, and the amateur radio newsgroups on Usenet, the potential for Elmers to share their knowledge to a wide audience has never been greater. To that end, I have started to maintain a list of such Elmers. Volunteers need only send me their name, E-mail address, and area of expertise. I have set up an administrivia mailbox for this purpose (elmers-request@ unomaha.edu, the default Reply-To: of this message). Those desiring a more extensive list, or who need more specific assistance, are encouraged to contact Rosalie White, WA1STO, Educational Services Manager at the American Radio Relay League, 225 Main St., Newington, CT 06111 or via electronic mail addressed to rwhite@arrl.org. How may I obtain the latest copy of the Elmers List? ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ There are currently 7 ways of obtaining the Elmers List. Any site at least reachable by Internet E-mail can use options 3 or 4: 1. Usenet News: The latest copy of the list can be found in the companion posting to this message, "Amateur Radio: Elmers Resource Directory." Since the list is cross-posted to rec.radio.amateur.misc, rec.radio.info, rec.answers, and news.answers on the 1st of each month, with an expiration date 6 weeks into the future, there should always be a copy available at most news sites. Check your newsreader documentation for information about reading previously-read articles. 2. Anonymous FTP: If your site is directly connected to the Internet, you may retrieve the latest copy via File Transfer Protocol (FTP) from the following sites: ftp.cs.buffalo.edu /pub/ham-radio/elmers* rtfm.mit.edu /pub/usenet/news.answers/radio/ham-radio/elmers/* 3. Mailing-List: Since the list is cross-posted to rec.radio.info, the latest copy may be obtained from the mailing-list gateway for that newsgroup (along with many other informational articles about radio) when it is published each month. To subscribe, send E-mail to: listserv@ucsd.edu and in the BODY (not the Subject) of the message, write: subscribe radio-info The server may not be able to determine your return address. In that case write: subscribe radio-info (your E-mail address) You should get an acknowledgement very shortly. 4. Mail-Server: If you don't want to read through the entire gateway of rec.radio.info, or want a copy of the list right away, send E-mail to: mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu and in the BODY (not the Subject) of the message, write: send usenet/news.answers/radio/ham-radio/elmers/admin send usenet/news.answers/radio/ham-radio/elmers/index send usenet/news.answers/radio/ham-radio/elmers/list send usenet/news.answers/radio/ham-radio/elmers/diff and the latest copy of the list should be sent to you E-mail within 24 hours (the mail-server uses batch priority to reduce system demand). The last three services are experimental. I'm not terribly familiar with them, and cannot offer much technical support regarding their use. (I'd appreciate feedback on whether or not you find them useful, though.) 5. Internet Gopher: The latest copy of the list should be available from the following Gopher sites, all at standard port 70: cc1.kuleuven.ac.be jupiter.sun.csd.unb.ca gopher.univ-lyon1.fr ftp.win.tue.nl gopher.win.tue.nl see also comp.infosystems.gopher 6. World-Wide Web (WWW): The latest copy of the list should be available from the following WWW site: URL: http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu:80/hypertext/faq/usenet under pages: radio/ham-radio/elmers/admin radio/ham-radio/elmers/index radio/ham-radio/elmers/list radio/ham-radio/elmers/diff see also comp.infosystems.www 7. Wide-Area Information Service (WAIS): The latest copy of the list should be available from the WAIS server at rtfm.mit.edu (standard port 210) in database "usenet." see also comp.infosystems.wais How may I contribute to the Elmers List? ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ By using this resource, you are benefitting the net by obtaining assistance in the fastest and most efficient way possible. By volunteering to appear on this list, you are contributing to the good reputation of the radio-related newsgroups. Thanks to all the volunteer Elmers, as well as courteous list users, for making this service a success. -- 73, Paul W. Schleck, KD3FU pschleck@unomaha.edu (personal mail) elmers-request@unomaha.edu (Elmers List administrivia) * Possible origins of the word HAM: The acronym "Home Amateur Mechanic" or... from the Cockney pronunciation of "L'amateur" or... the initials of the founder of the American Radio Relay League, Hiram Maxim, W1AW (his actual middle name being Percy apparently notwithstanding) or... from the call letters of one of the first amateur stations at Harvard, H.A.M. (please, no flames from W1XM at MIT) Dale Mosby, N7PEX, offers the explanation that HAM must stand for "Hardly Any Money," considering the investment one could make in the hobby. Knowledgeable individuals from the American Radio Relay League (ARRL), and other radio historians, seem to agree that the terms "Ham" and "Lid" (an inept operator) both originated with landline telegraphy. A "Ham" was a show-off and a "Lid" was a telegraph operator so inexperienced, he had to use a pot or can lid to rest his telegraph sounder on to properly copy the code. As an interesting historical footnote, early telegraph operators may have been the first to experience the infamous curse of our communications age, Repetitive Stress (or "Carpal Tunnel") Syndrome (called "Glass Arm" in those days, which encouraged the invention of the semi-automatic or "bug" key). (Larry E. McDonald, N6ZMB, wrote to point out another plausible origin, which doesn't necessarily contradict the ARRL version. The term "ham" may have been derived from "ham-fisted" or "ham-handed" to describe poor telegraph operators who were hired from the ranks of radio operators. Or maybe "ham-fisted" and "ham-handed" are derived from "ham." Who knows?) ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 1 Apr 1994 12:23:08 GMT From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!swrinde!emory!europa.eng.gtefsd.com!MathWorks.Com!news.kei.com!news.byu.edu!news.mtholyoke.edu!news.unomaha.edu!news@network.ucsd.edu Subject: Amateur Radio: Elmers List Quick-Search Index To: info-hams@ucsd.edu Posted-By: auto-faq 3.2.1.2 Archive-name: radio/ham-radio/elmers/index Quick Search Index by Subject: (Note: This index is not necessarily all-inclusive and some Elmers are listed more than once.) AMATEUR RADIO EMERGENCY SERVICE MAILING LISTS (ARES)/RADIO AMATEUR CIVIL EMERGENCY SERVICE (RACES) Botterell (Networks in Emergency Mangement) Botterell (Networks in Emergency Engehausen, et al (AA4RE Packet Management Mailing List) BBS) Chilton (EMA Radio Officer) Dodell (Land-Mobile Radio, Engehausen (RACES Bulletins) MARS Members) Fyodorov (Russia) Ehrlich (Many, see full entry) Humphries (ex-Asst. EC) Freeman, M (ACC Equipment) Hurder (ARRL Field Services) Hurder (ARRL Field Organization) Magid Kluft (rec.radio.amateur Stader (EMAS SEC) Working Group) Wilson Knapp, et al (Iowa State Elmers) Prescott (Antique and Older AMATEUR TELEPRINTER OVER RADIO Tube Equipment) (AMTOR)/PACKET TELEPRINTER OVER Meredith (PBBS Bulletin Forwarding, RADIO (PACTOR)/RADIO TELETYPE (RTTY) F6FBB Packet BBS) Nerenberg (DX) Battles Schleck, et al (College Clubs) Doane Walker, et al (QRP) Feeney (PACTOR) Freeman, J (AMTOR and PACTOR) MEDIUM FREQUENCY (MF, 160 meters) Graham, P Richards Freeman Sayer (also decoding CHU's Harris ASCII time code) Zurn AMERICA ON-LINE MILITARY AFFILIATE RADIO SYSTEM (MARS) Stader (Host, Ham Radio Club forum) Doane (Navy) Dodell (Air Force, Mailing List) AMERICAN RADIO RELAY LEAGUE Miller (Air Force) (ARRL) Monson (Army) Sargent (Army) Battles (QST Features Editor) Schildt (Army MARS HQ Internet/ Bloom (ARRL HQ Postmaster, Milnet Contact and Registration QEX Editor) Service) Doane (CT SM) Taylor (Air Force) Elmore (CO TC) Welch, J (Navy/Marine Corps) Hare (Laboratory Manager) Welch, V (Navy/Marine Corps, Hurder (Field Services Deputy list of MARS members on the Manager) Internet, tentative BBS Jahnke (VEC Manager) conference) Lau (Technical Editor) Redding (Educational Advisor) MICROWAVE Stader (EMAS SEC) Turner (Volunteer Counsel) Graham, P (1.2 Ghz repeaters) Wilson (SCV SM) Hammill Jahnke (SSB/CW SHF Contesting) ANTENNAS Lau (Transverters up to 24 Ghz) Brewer (wire HF) Sargent (3, 5, and 10 Ghz) Billson (HF) Brubaker (HF) MOBILE DePolo (including VHF/UHF) Elmore Carruth (FM and HT's) Freeman, J (wire HF and 160m) Hare (RFI issues) Graham, J (wire HF for Humphries apartments) Keller (HF) Halbert (simple designs) Salmon (Maritime) Harris Sargent Humphries (VHF and multi-band Salyzyn (HF CW) wire arrays) Myers (and transmission NATIONAL TRAFFIC SYSTEM (NTS) lines) Ornitz (including computer Doane modelling) Elmore Potter Hurder (ARRL Field Services) Rymell Salyzyn (Canada) Salnick Sargent Salyzyn Zurn (Europe) Silva Standerfer NOVICE/TECH INSTRUCTION Stine (wire HF) Stockton Billson Taylor Bono (AutoExam/AutoCW) Zurn (wire HF) Carlson (Macintosh Hamstacks) Chilton ANTIQUE AND OLDER EQUIPMENT Knapp, et al Larson Brewer (40's-70's) Magid Keys (including HF and CW) Maia Prescott (Mailing List) Myers (including basic Moore, T (VHF) electronics and communications Standerfer theory) Turner (including Kenwood and Redding Ten-Tec) Reeves Salmon APPLE MACINTOSH COMPUTER Stader Braun PACKET Carlson (Macintosh Hamstacks) Ehrlich (FTP archive) Angus (TCP/IP, NOS, UUPC, Stader (List of Macintosh Tnet, and SNEWS, IP Amateur Radio Software) Coordinator for CA - LA Van Peursem (Savant) and SF Valley subnet) Battles (AX.25 and TCP/IP) BATTERIES Bloom (IP Coordinator for Connecticut subnet) Hammill (Sealed Lead-Acid) Braun (TCP/IP, Macintosh, IP Meyers Coordinator for WNY subnet) Stuart (including Ni-Cads) Cole (TCP/IP and NOS) Dodell (IP Coordinator for CALLSIGN PROJECT/NATIONAL TECHNICAL Arizona subnet) INFORMATION SERVICE (NTIS) Elmore (including TCP/IP) Engehausen, et al (AA4RE Packet Carruth BBS and Mailing List) Lloyd (including QRZ Ham-Radio Freeman, J (KAM, TCP/IP, NOS for CD-ROM) DOS and OS/2) Fyodorov (AX.25 and TCP/IP in CIVIL AIR PATROL (CAP) Russia) Graham, J (KAMterm) Carlson Graham, P (VHF) Moore, J Knapp, et al Meredith (AZ Packet Coordinator, COLLEGE CLUBS PBBS Bulletin Forwarding Mailing List, F6FBB Packet BBS Mailing Edwards List) Knapp, et al Salyzyn (Canadian) Schallehn Sargent Schleck (et al, Mailing List) Sayer (VHF) Schallehn (Kantronics) COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT Stader (TCP/IP and Macintosh) Vail (TCP/IP, TAPR/9600, IP Dodell (Mailing List) Coordinator for East/Central Richards Massachusetts subnet) Van Peursem (Savant and CW (MORSE CODE) Macintosh) Bono (AutoCW) MEDIA (PUBLICATION/WRITING/ Elmore BROADCATING) Fyodorov (including Cyrillic) Keys Battles (QST) Rosenfeld Bloom (QEX) Salyzyn Coletti, et al (Newsline) Silva Lau (QST/QEX) Squicciarini Moore (Co-Host, Ham Radio and More) Stine Stockton PART-15 BROADCASTING Tescher (Computer Programs) Zurn (including European Ornitz abbreviations) POWER SUPPLIES DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING (DSP) Myers Bloom Stuart Edwards PRODUCT INFO/FEEDBACK EQUIPMENT TESTING/TROUBLESHOOTING Appell (Alinco and Yaesu) Billson Freeman, M and Shirley (Advanced Brewer (Tube Gear) Computer Controls - ACC) Freeman, J (PC ISA Bus) Hare (ARRL Laboratory Manager) QRP (LOW POWER) Myers Ornitz (Instrumentation) Billson Rymell (Electronics and Computer Halbert (HF) Service Work) Harris Salnick Sargent (VHF) Salyzyn Stockton Standerfer Turner (including Ten-Tec Stockton Argonaut) Taylor Walker, et al (Mailing List) Tescher Zurn Witte (Instrumentation) RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE (RFI) FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ's) Elmore Bloom (ARRL E-mail and Info Server) Graham, P (including PC's) Bowen (Supplemental FTP Archives, Hare (including Automotive and Internet Callbook Server) Telephone) Cheeseman (Australia) Myers Holmstead (Satellites/Space) Stockton Jahnke (VE Exams Scheduled) Witte Kluft (General) Salyzyn (Radio Amateurs on Usenet, RECIPROCAL LICENSING/FOREIGN OPERATION rec.radio.info Moderator) Stader (Macintosh Amateur Radio Andrews (New Zealand) Software) Flaherty (South Pacific) Turvey (United Kingdom) Fyodorov (Russia) Watt (Packet and Digital Modes) Levine (Australia and Japan) Woods (Mail Order Electronics) Salmon Salyzyn (Canada) HANDICAPPED OPERATING Stockton (UK) Zurn (Italy and Germany) Billson Doane REPEATERS Hurder Knapp, et al Battles Chilton HIGH FREQUENCY (HF)/ De Armond CONTESTING/DX DePolo (VHF/UHF) Graham, P (including 1.2 Ghz) Battles Keller (220 Mhz) Brubaker Knapp, et al Chilton Schallehn (VHF/UHF) Elmore Witte Fyodorov Knapp, et al SATELLITES Nerenberg (DX Mailing List) Rosenfeld (including practical Bass (including low-cost, QRP QSLing tips) Microsat stations) Salmon (including DXpeditions) Feeney Salnick Flaherty (including OSCAR) Silva Squicciarini SEMINARS/LECTURES Tidd (DXCC Databases) Zurn Humphries Redding HOMEBREWING/DO-IT-YOURSELF Stuart (Batteries and Power Supplies) Billson (6809 uP) Bloom (including DSP) TANDY COLOR COMPUTER AND OS-9 Carruth (Digital Design, Software) Billson Chilton De Armond TELEVISION, FAST-SCAN (ATV) DePolo (including VHF/UHF design and construction) Chilton Edwards (including DSP) Feeney Fyodorov (including computers) Hammill Halbert (QRP) Harris TELEVISION, SLOW-SCAN (SSTV) Keys (Junk Box projects) Kohnen (Tubes) Langner Lau (Transverters, VHF/UHF, Filters, repeatable projects) UNIX Myers (Transmission Lines, Analog and Digital Design) Carruth (System Administration) Moore, T (Junk Box projects) Cole (including Linux) Rymell (Electronics and Computers, Ehrlich Low-Cost projects) Freeman, J Salyzyn Moore, C (including X-Windows) Sayer (Class-C Biopolar Amplifiers Sayer (especially SunOS) and Phased-Lock-Loop Circuits) Tescher Silva (Analog, Digital, Tubes, Van Peursem (HP-UX and System Semiconductors, RF, Finding Administration) Parts) Stine (Tube Amplifiers, VERY HIGH FREQUENCY (VHF)/ Receivers, and Exciters) ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY (UHF) Stockton (including QRP) Stuart (Batteries and Power Battles Supplies) Carpenter (6 meters) Taylor (Tubes and Amplifiers) DePolo (Weak Signal, Contesting, Tescher and Repeaters) Flaherty (including Amplifiers) IBM PERSONAL COMPUTER (PC) AND Graham, P (Commercial Rig CLONES Conversions) Hammill (including ATV and DX) Angus Humphries (2m FM) Bono (AutoExam, et al) Jahnke (CW/SSB Contesting and Braun Weak Signal) Cole Lau (CW/SSB to 222 Mhz) Ehrlich Moore, T Freeman, J (including OS/2 and Richards (Monitoring) ISA bus) Sargent (2 and 6 meter AM and Fyodorov Contesting) Keller Silva Tescher Witte (including Portable and Mountaintopping) INTERNET SERVICES VOLUNTEER EXAMINER (VE) PROGRAM Schleck Billson MAIL-SERVERS/ARCHIVES Carlson (W5YI) DePolo Bloom (ARRL Info Server) Jahnke (ARRL VEC Manager) Deignan (Buckmaster CD-ROM) Kohnen (W5YI) Ehrlich (Boston ARC FTP archive) Maia (W5YI VEC) Harding (Ham Server) Reeves Shirley (ACC Equipment) Salmon (Sunnyvale) Sternitzke (W5YI Asst. VEC) -- 73, Paul W. Schleck, KD3FU pschleck@unomaha.edu (personal mail) elmers-request@unomaha.edu (Elmers List administrivia) ------------------------------ Date: 2 Apr 94 06:17:08 GMT From: dog.ee.lbl.gov!agate!howland.reston.ans.net!noc.near.net!news.delphi.com!gilbaronw0mn@ucbvax.berkeley.edu Subject: NEED EXTRA CASH? READ THIS! To: info-hams@ucsd.edu >If you're like most people I know, you could use some extra cash. I am >providing to you the unique opportunity to do so at little cost and effort. By >working 1-2 hours per week you can earn an unlimited income. E-mail me now for >more detailed information on this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. You get out >of life, what you put into it! > Do not respond to this garbage. It is almost certainly a scam. Gil Baron, El Baron Rojo, W0MN Rochester,MN "Bailar es Vivir" PGP2.3 key at key servers or upon request ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 1 Apr 1994 13:38:34 GMT From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!swrinde!cs.utexas.edu!uwm.edu!fnnews.fnal.gov!att-in!nntpa!not-for-mail@network.ucsd.edu Subject: Source for RF Power MOSFETS (IRF511) To: info-hams@ucsd.edu In article <1994Apr1.091939.1@ntuvax.ntu.ac.sg>, <asirene@ntuvax.ntu.ac.sg> wrote: >Hi, > > Can anyone tell me a source for IRF511/510 MOSFETs? Also are there other types of MOSFETs suitable saw a power of 40 or 50 >watts range? Where can I get them? Tks. > >73, >Daniel Hell, I think Radio Shack carries the IRF511. Probably expensive though. Try Digi-Key. -- Wally Blackburn Clinton-Gore - Socialist Leadership wrb@ccsitn.cb.att.com for the 90s! Amateur Radio Station AA8DX I'm the NRA. *More people have died in Ted Kennedy's car than from my gun!* ------------------------------ Date: 1 Apr 1994 12:46:17 GMT From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!agate!howland.reston.ans.net!darwin.sura.net!news.larc.nasa.gov!grissom.larc.nasa.gov!kludge@network.ucsd.edu To: info-hams@ucsd.edu References <1994Mar30.150833.7038@arrl.org>, <1994Mar31.004345.251@ke4zv.atl.ga.us>, <1994Mar31.143525.7073@arrl.org>larc.n Subject : Re: RF and AF speech processors. Was: FT-990 vs TS-850 In article <1994Mar31.143525.7073@arrl.org> zlau@arrl.org (Zack Lau (KH6CP)) writes: >The point is, does the audio phase shift networks used in the 2010 >cause a noticeable degradation in audio quality as perceived by >the users of the radio? And, since we are primarily talking >about SSB, as opposed to AM, there is *no* benefit to having >a detector that can correlate the upper and lower sidebands--we >only have one sideband to work with on receive. Yes, indeed, it does cause a noticeable degradation in audio quality. In the case of units like the 2010 which are primarily going to be used to listen to commercial broadcasters, there is a good bit of benefit in having a detector that can correlate both sidebands, though admittedly for ham work, it's much less of a requirement. But it basically comes down to how much audio degradation you mind. If I am listening to a commercial shortwave broadcaster, I expect much higher fidelity than I do from amateur SSB transmission. With SSB, I just want to be able to make out the words. (On the other hand, I expect a lot more from wideband FM broadcast, although I don't always get it...) --scott -- "C'est un Nagra. C'est suisse, et tres, tres precis." ------------------------------ End of Info-Hams Digest V94 #365 ****************************** ******************************