Date: Wed, 9 Feb 94 09:12:55 PST From: Info-Hams Mailing List and Newsgroup <info-hams@ucsd.edu> Errors-To: Info-Hams-Errors@UCSD.Edu Reply-To: Info-Hams@UCSD.Edu Precedence: Bulk Subject: Info-Hams Digest V94 #127 To: Info-Hams Info-Hams Digest Wed, 9 Feb 94 Volume 94 : Issue 127 Today's Topics: Amateur radio astronauts Antenna Erection Aids Bosnia Health and Welfare traffic question BP-8S battery for HTX-202 ? HDN Releases Low profile headset? Online Repeater Database which is better qrp band--30 or 40? Send Replies or notes for publication to: <Info-Hams@UCSD.Edu> Send subscription requests to: <Info-Hams-REQUEST@UCSD.Edu> Problems you can't solve otherwise to brian@ucsd.edu. Archives of past issues of the Info-Hams Digest are available (by FTP only) from UCSD.Edu in directory "mailarchives/info-hams". We trust that readers are intelligent enough to realize that all text herein consists of personal comments and does not represent the official policies or positions of any party. Your mileage may vary. So there. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Wed, 9 Feb 1994 06:40:19 GMT From: netcomsv!netcom.com!wa2ise@decwrl.dec.com Subject: Amateur radio astronauts To: info-hams@ucsd.edu copied from amateur radio packet radio: Subject: Ham Astronaut/Cosmonaut Listing 2/94 From: KG5U@KA5KTH.#SETX.TX.USA.NA =========================================================== The following is compilation of data from a variety of sources (ARRL, AMSAT, Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment Working Group, and Motorola, Goddard Space Flight Center and Johnson Space Center Amateur Radio Clubs. ============================================================ U.S. Space Shuttle Astronaut/Hams: Amateur Radio operations onboard U.S. Space Shuttles began November 1983, wih Owenarrtt's STS-9 flight. Since then, the SAREX (Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment) has matured and developed to include formal, scheduled contacts with school groups, amateur television (ATV) uplinks, family contacts, robot packet and slow-scan television (SSTV) operations, and general voice QSO's. The number of hams in the astronaut corps has also increased dramatically over time. As SAREX activities develop, and astronaut's exposure to it has increased, interest is piqued and licensing generally follows. The concept of communicating directly with hams (read: non-NASA civilians) while flying in space is a tantalizing concept to many of the astronauts; certainly, the idea of bringing the adventure, thrill, and technology of spaceflight to school children on a personal basis through SAREX plays a large part in the astronaut's incentive to become licensed. Space Shuttle Mission Orbiter Flight Date Callsign Astronaut No. ------- ------- ------------ --------------- ---- STS-9 Columbia 28Nov83-08Dec83 W5LFL Owen Garriott (01) STS-51F Challenger 29Jul85-06Aug85 W0ORE Tony England (02) W4NYZ John David Bartoe (03) (didn't operate) (Gordon Fullerton) (W0ORE control op) STS-61A Challenger 30Oct85-06Nov85 DP0SL (Call sign used) (04) DD6CF Reinhard Furrer (05) PE1LFO Wubbo Ockels (06) DG2KM Ernst Messrschmid (07) STS-35 Columbia 02Dec90-10Dec90 WA4SIR Ron Parise (08) STS-37 Atlantis 05Apr91-11Apr91 N5RAW Steve Nagel (09) KB5AWP Ken Cameron (10) N5SC Jerry Ross (11) N5QWL Jay Apt (12) N5RAX Linda Godwin (13) STS-45 Atlantis 24Mar93-02Apr92 N5WQW Brian Duffy (14) N5YYV Kathy Sullivan (15) N5WQC Dave Leestma (16) ON1AFD Dirk Frimount (17) STS-50 Columbia 25Jun92-09Jul92 KB5SIW Dick Richards (18) KB5SIX Ellen Baker (19) STS-47 Endeavour 12Sep92-20Sep92 N5QWL Jay Apt 7L2NJY Mamoru Mohri (20) STS-56 Discovery 08Apr93-17Apr93 KB5AWP Ken Cameron KB5YSR Steve Oswald (21) KB5UAH Ken Cockrell (22) KB5UAC Mike Foale (23) KB5TZ Elle Ochoa (24) STS-55 Columbia 26Apr93-06May93 N5RAW Steve Nagel N5SCW Jerry Ross KB5YSQ Charlie PRecourt (25) DG1KIH Hans Schlegel (26) DG1KIM Ulrich Walter (27) STS-57 Endeavour 03Jun93 (7 days) N5WQW Brian Duffy ncy Janice Voss STS-58 Columbia 02Sep93 (14 days) KC5ACR Bill McArthur (28) KC5AXA Marty Fettman (29) ncy Rick Searfoss (30) STS-60 Discovery 03Feb94 (8 days) KE4IQB Charlie Bolden (31) KC5ETH Ron Sega (32) U5MIR Serge Krikalev (33) STS-59 Endeavour 07Apr94 (9 days) N5RAX Linda Godwin N5QWL ay Apt ST-65 Columbia 08Jul94 (14 days) STS-68 Endeavour 18Aug94 (9 days) STS-67 Columbia 01Dec94 (14 days) STS-63 Discovery 26Jan95 (8 days) KB5UAC Mike Foale Janice Voss STS-71 Atlantis 30May95 (14 days) (updated Feb 03, 1994) =========================================================== Russian Space Orbital Complex Mir Cosmonaut/Hams: Amateur radio on the Russian Space Orbital Complex MIR began November 1988. The callsign format used is U#MIR ( U-USSR, #-HAM number cosmonaut, MIR- space station "Mir"); U0MIR is the collective station callsign. Data was provided by UA3CR and RV3DR (RV3DR@RK3KP.SUN.EU Serge Samburov) via AMSAT by W5DID. Crew No. Call Name No. DATE (day.mo.yr) ----------------------------------------------------------- 01 U1MIR VLADIMIR TITOV 3 21Dec87-21Dec88 02 U2MIR MUSA MANAROV 3 1Dec8711Dec88 03 U3MIR VALERY POLYAKOV 3/4 29Aug88-27Apr89 04 U4MIR ALEKSANDR VOLKOV 4 26Nov88-27Apr89 05 U5MIR SERGE KRIKALEV 4 26Nov88-27Apr89 06 U6MIR ALEKSANDR VIKTORENKO 5 06Sep89-19Feb90 07 U7MIR ALEKSANDR SEREBROV 5 06Sep89-19Feb90 08 U6MIR ANATOLY SOLOVEYV 6 11Feb90-09Aug90 09 U7MIR ALEKSANDR BALANDIN 6 11Feb90-09Aug90 10 U8MIR GENNADY STREKALOV 7 01Aug90-10Dec90 11 U9MIR GENNADY MANAKOV 7 01Aug90-10Dec90 12 U9MIR VIKTOR AFANASIEV 8 02Dec90-26May91 13 U2MIR MUSA MANAROV 8 02Dec90-26May91 14 U7MIR ANATOLY ARTSEBARSKY 9 18May91-10Oct91 15 U5MIR SERGE KRIKALEV 9/10 18May91-25Mar92 16 GB1MIR HELEN SHARMAN (ENGLAND) 18May91-26May91 17 U4MIR ALEKSANDR VOLKOV 10 02Oct91-25Mar92 18 OE0MIR FRANZ VIEHBOECK (AUSTRIA) 02Oct91-10Oct91 19 U6MIR ALEKSANDR VIKTORENKO 11 17Mar92-10Aug92 20 U8MIR ALEKSANDR KALEI 11 17Mar92-10Aug92 21 DL1MIR KLAUS FLADE ( GERMANY) 17Mar92-25Mar92 22 U6MIR ALEKSANDR SOLOVEYV 12 26Jul92-01Feb93 23 U3MIR SERGE AVDEYV 12 26Jul92-01Feb93 24 F5MIR MICHEL TOGNINI (FRANCE) 26Jul92-10Aug92 Since January 1, 1993, cosmonauts were issued a new callsign series: R#MIR. The old callsign series, U#MIR, is still valid. R#MIR = (R-RUSSIA, #-HAM number cosmonaut, Mir-Space Orbital Complex "Mir"). R0MIR is the collective station callsign. # CALL NAME HAM CREW DATE ----------------------------------------------------------- 25 U9MIR GENNADY MANAKOV 13 24Jan93-22Jul93 26 R2MIR ALEKSANDR POLESCHUK 13 24Jan93-22Jul93 PLANNING LIST FOR FUTURE MISSIONS 27 R3MIR VASILY ZIBLYIV 14 01Jul93-08.01.94 28 R4MIR ALEKSANDR SEREBROV 14 01Jul93-08.01.94 29 ?????* JEAN-PIERRE HAIGNERE(FRANCE) 01Jul93-22Jul93 30 U9MIR VIKTOR AFANASIEV 15 08.01.94-04.07.94 31 MIR YUIJ USACHEV 15 08.01.94-04.07.94 32 U3MIR VALERIJ POLYAKOV 15/16/1708.01.94-April 95 33 U6MIR GENNADY STREKALOV 16 06May94- 34 R6MIR or R0MIR op. ? 16 06May94- 35 ???? ALEKSANDR VIKTORENKO 17 30Sep94- 36 ???? ?????? 17 30Sep94- #29 COSMONAUT (France) - still not clear if he will use HAM Radio. ----------------------------------------------------------- Additonal Notes: Starting 01.01.93, the new QSL manager for cosmonauts is RV3DR. RV3DR confirms all QSO's with station MIR from 1988. RV3DR - Serge Samburov, Space "MIR" QSL Manager Chief of Cosmonaut Amateur Radio Department NPO "Energia" P.O. Box 73, Kaliningrad-10 City, Moscow Area, 141070, Russia Packet address: RV3DR#R#MIR or RV3DR@RK3KP.#MSK.RUS.EU ----------------------------------------------------------- Current MIR crew #15 Packet Callisgn: R0MIR PMS "MIR" Call: R0MIR-1 Voice Callsigns: U3MIR, U9MIR, R3MIR, R0MIR Viktor Valerij Yur MIR =================================== Updated by KG5U 02Feb94. ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 9 Feb 1994 14:50:53 GMT From: agate!howland.reston.ans.net!vixen.cso.uiuc.edu!uchinews!att-out!cbnewst!waco@network.ucsd.edu Subject: Antenna Erection Aids To: info-hams@ucsd.edu >>Julian Macassey N6ARE recommended the use of slingshot and fishing reel >>combination for putting up antenna wires and ropes. I second Julian's >>advice on that method! I've tried lots of ways to put up antennas wires >>and ropes over the last twenty years and the slingshot/reel method is >>definitely the best. >>... > >I personally prefer a crossbow. I drill out the end of an aluminum >bolt with a 1/64 bit, tie off some 20-30lb fishing line (using the >Zebco 202 spinning reel), sight over the limb (bow has a scope mounted >on it), and *twang*, over it goes. Bolt has enough weight to cause >it to drop to the ground. > >A couple of notes, in addition. I prefer a heavy nut to a stone, as it's >easy to tie to, and seems to have reasonable ballistics. It's also heavier >than a size for size stone. You have to select a weight fairly carefully. >Too heavy, and the slingshot can't throw it far enough, too light, and it >won't drop over the limb. Pine tree are especially a problem because the >line will hang in the bark flakes. > > - John Wren > KD4DTS >-- >-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >John C. Wren (kd4dts) | "The UNIX operating system has a command, NICE, >jcw@kd4dts.atl.ga.us | which allows a user to voluntarily reduce the >..!emory!wa4mei!kd4dts!jcw | priority of his process, in order to be nice to A similar method works well (at least for me). I use a regular bow and arrow for doing the same thing. However, one wants to use a fiberglass fishing arrow for the weight. Depending on the style of the arrow, either cut of the barb or tape it against the arrow (may need to pull it back over a limb to reshoot). Tie strong fish line to the arrow (low weight and drag), shoot over the appropriate limb, tie the fish line to whatever is going to hold up the antenna and pull it back across the limb. Don't try to actually pull up the antenna using the fish line. Another advantage of the fish arrow is it has a hole through which you tie the fish line. Even with the weight of the arrow, sometimes it is difficult to get it lowered to the ground. The advantage of using a bow or crossbow is that how close you stand to the limb being shot over regulates the distance from the other side where the arrow will land. For our club's field day, we have used both my bow and arrow and another member's fishing pole. Both work equally well in some situations, and in others, one might work a little better than the other. 73, John, WB9VGJ ========================================================= John L. Broughton | snail mail: Room 1K-322 AT&T | 1200 E. Warrenville Rd. | P.O. Box 3045 | Naperville, IL 60566-7045 | (708) 713-4319 | e-mail: john.l.broughton@att.com | att!john.l.broughton | air mail: WB9VGJ ========================================================= ------------------------------ Date: 9 Feb 94 14:17:51 GMT From: news-mail-gateway@ucsd.edu Subject: Bosnia Health and Welfare traffic question To: info-hams@ucsd.edu I was contacted by a friend who has helped a group of Bosnian refugees into the US. Now they would like to try to find out about the health and welfare of friends and relatives back in Bosnia, including one who is a ham (don't yet have his call). Can anyone suggest an approach that might work? My on HF station is limping along, my G5RV has come partially down due to an ice storm, so what I plan to do is get on our 2m info net tonight and see if I can find some one with a decent antenna and linear who would be willing to try to work Bosnia, and possibly someone who can check the DX cluster to find someone on the air, but this sounds a bit _ad_hoc_ and I suspect there is probably some route better established for this kind of traffic. I also don't know the 3rd party status of Bosnia. Any help/suggestions much appreciated. KD1PF -- Stephen P. Baker phone: (508) 856-2625 Lecturer in Biostatistics (508) 856-3131 fax Department of Academic Computing (413) 253-3923 home University of Massachusetts Medical School e-mail: sbaker@umassmed.ummed.edu 55 Lake Avenue North -.- -.. .---- .--. ..-. Worcester, MA 01655 ------------------------------ Date: 9 Feb 94 09:56:46 From: agate!howland.reston.ans.net!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!lerc.nasa.gov!news.larc.nasa.gov!larry.larc.nasa.gov!partos@network.ucsd.edu Subject: BP-8S battery for HTX-202 ? To: info-hams@ucsd.edu Shel: I am relying on what others have told me and what I have read previously in this group. Perhaps others can comment? 73 Dick -- |----------------------------------------------------------------| | Richard D. Partos KE4AZJ Norfolk, VA | | Internet: r.d.partos@larc.nasa.gov | |----------------------------------------------------------------| ------------------------------ Date: Sat, 05 Feb 1994 08:24:10 From: pacbell.com!sgiblab!sdd.hp.com!math.ohio-state.edu!cs.utexas.edu!news.unt.edu!news.oc.com!utacfd.uta.edu!rwsys!ocitor!FredGate@network.ucsd.edu Subject: HDN Releases To: info-hams@ucsd.edu The following files were processed Saturday 02-05-94: HAMPACK [ HAM: Packet Communications programs ] ---------------------------------------------------------------------- FLEXPAC4.ZIP ( 117818 bytes) PacketCluster (tm) terminal w/ headings ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 117818 bytes in 1 file(s) HAMTRAIN [ HAM: Amateur Radio training material and cw progs ] ---------------------------------------------------------------------- MPP110A.ZIP ( 59875 bytes) Morse code practice program ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 59875 bytes in 1 file(s) Total of 177693 bytes in 2 file(s) Files are available via Anonymous-FTP from ftp.fidonet.org IP NET address 140.98.2.1 for seven days. They are mirrored to ftp.halcycon.com and are available for 60-90 days. Directories are: pub/fidonet/ham/hamnews (Bulletins) /hamant (Antennas) /hamsat (Sat. prg/Amsat Bulletins) /hampack (Packet) /hamelec (Formulas) /hamtrain (Training Material) /hamlog (Logging Programs) /hamcomm (APLink/JvFax/Rtty/etc) /hammods (Equip modification) /hamswl (SWBC Skeds/Frequencies) /hamscan (Scanner Frequencies) /hamutil (Operating aids/utils) /hamsrc (Source code to programs) /hamdemo (Demos of new ham software) /hamnos (TCP/IP and NOS related software) Files may be downloaded via land-line at (214) 226-1181 or (214) 226-1182. 1.2 to 16.8K, 23 hours a day . When ask for Full Name, enter: Guest;guest <return> lee - wa5eha Ham Distribution Net * Origin: Ham Distribution Net Coordinator / Node 1 (1:124/7009) ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 4 Feb 1994 03:10:43 GMT From: metro!dmssyd.syd.dms.CSIRO.AU!dmsperth.per.dms.CSIRO.AU!uniwa!harbinger.cc.monash.edu.au!yeshua.marcam.com!news.kei.com!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!caen!usenet.cis.ufl.edu!@@munnari.oz.au Subject: Low profile headset? To: info-hams@ucsd.edu Does anyone know where I can get a low profile headset? Have only been to one HAM Fest and did not see one there or anyone who knew of such. Thanx for any assistance. --- ________________________________________________________________ Mark J. Mollere OOo O University of O oO mmollere@conch.senod.uwf.edu West Florida o _____ o o (_/-\_).. ===(O). ------------------------------ Date: 3 Feb 1994 23:12:12 GMT From: mvb.saic.com!unogate!news.service.uci.edu!usc!cs.utexas.edu!uwm.edu!msuinfo!netnews.upenn.edu!mipgsun.mipg.upenn.edu!yee@network.ucsd.edu Subject: Online Repeater Database To: info-hams@ucsd.edu The next version of the online repeater database is ready for distribution by anonymous ftp. Unlike previously, I have not appended the data to the post as the size might be getting unwieldy. It is currently 233K and growing. Below is the header for the database. Remember, we still need volunteers to help finish this database. There are some 23 states left including California. I would especially like a Californian (or two) to volunteer due to the number of repeaters in California. Without a volunteer, I can promise you that California will be left to last. I know that there are plenty of Californians on the net and a lot of hams there. Several volunteers can split the task between them. Enjoy, Conway Yee, N2JWQ/AA # This version 0.03 (last updated 19940203) of an online repeater # directory which currently contains circa 2500 entries. All previous # versions are obsolete. # # Thanks go to # Errol Casey (KD4IHW, gcasey@bnr.ca), # Hank Riley (N1LTV, xcalibur@cis.umassd.edu), # Bryan Peterson (KI7TD, peterson@physc1.byu.edu), # Chris Terwilliger (AA7WD, chriss_terwilliger@tempeqm.sps.mot.com), # and Conway Yee (N2JWQ, yee@mipg.upenn.edu) # for their contributions. # # There are entries for AK, AR, AZ, CO, CT, DC, DE, HI, IA, ID, KY, MA, # ME, MT, NC, ND, NH, NJ, NV, NY, OR, PA, RI, SD, UT, VT, WV, WY. # # Is this project serious? Yes. As you can readily tell, 28 states # including Washington DC have already been completed by a number of # volunteers. Any effort that a volunteer might make is not likely to # be wasted. Unfortunately, we do not have the time or the energy for # all 50 states. If you guys are actually interested in an online # repeater directory, put up or shut up. # # Thus far, people have volunteered for # 1) KY, MS, SC, TN, VI, WV, GA (two states already done # but the current data will be replaced with up to date # information). # 2) WA # 3) MI # # Email stating that you are interested in working on a particular # State/Province would be appreciated since this will help prevent # duplication of effort. Contributions of data may be made by anonymous # ftp to mipg.upenn.edu:/pub/yee/uploads or via email to # yee@mipg.upenn.edu. # # I have checked with Project Gutenberg and using the data from the ARRL # repeater directory or any other published sources is legal. It is # only the format which is copyrighted. My intention is to post it to # USENET and to have Project Gutenberg be one place to distribute it. # # This file with all the data is be available for anonymous ftp as # mipg.upenn.edu:/pub/yee/rptr003.Z # # Assistance in other states would be appreciated. I would be # interested in volunteer assistance in completing this database. # Volunteers should be willing to take up an entire state. Partial # state listings do me absolutely no good as I will have to go over # everything by hand to see what is missing. If all those people who # are interested in getting an online directory together would be # willing to volunteer for one or two states each, then this directory # will be completed in short order. # # If there are file format revisions after 0.3, I will worry about the # file format conversion but I don't expect that there will be any need # as all or nearly all important fields have already been defined and # (hopefully) plenty of room has been left for expansion of the field # definitions. # # At first, this directory will contain only 2 meter entries. After all # 50 states have been completed, updates will then be accepted. If # someone else is interested in tackling other bands, it would be most # appreciated. [The current release already contains entries for other # bands for NC.] The proposed file format should be flexible enough for # all bands and all modes for which a repeater directory would be # useful. # # I make absolutely no claims as to the accuracy of ANYTHING!! There # are undoubtedly numerous errors all over the place. Some are # typographical errors (the data has been typed in by hand). Other # errors are due to outdated information. Little or no attempt has been # made thus far to check the data at all as I consider it more important # to finish the database itself. In general, corrections to the # database will not be applied until this is done. # # Conway Yee, N2JWQ # yee@mipg.upenn.edu # # ======================================================================== # # The file format (version 0.3) shall be as follows. Consider this file # format to be in the alpha stage and subject to frequent and arbitrary # revisions. Each entry will be delineated by being on a different # line. Each field of a repeater entry shall be delineated by colons. # The text within a field shall not contain a colon. The field # definitions are as follows: # # 0 latitude (deg,min,sec) # Each component of the field shall be delineated by commas. # 1 longitude (deg,min,sec) # Each component of the field shall be delineated by commas. # 2 elevation (meters) # The metric system has been chosen for this field fo the # eventuality that this database is expanded internationally. # Unfortunately, in backward countries such as the US, the # English system is still dominant. # 3 height above average terrain (meters) # The metric system has been chosen for this field fo the # eventuality that this database is expanded internationally. # Unfortunately, in backward countries such as the US, the # English system is still dominant. # 4 spare location designation if grid squares are used for some # repeaters while others have the above. # 5-7 reserved for future use (e.g. ERP) # 8 continent # 9 country # 10 major region designation (e.g. state, province) # Use standard abbreviations if possible (e.g. NY, CA). # 11 minor region designation (e.g. county, nearest major city) # 12 immediate location (e.g. town, city, mountain) # 13 output frequency of the repeater (MHz) # 14 input frequency of the repeater (MHz or standard offset: + or -) # The use of +,- may have to be deleted in the future if this # repeater directory is extended to other countries that have # differing standard offsets. # 15 repeater call sign # 16 misc. notes (for anything not covered in other fields) # My intention is to standardize this at some later time. # SERA Database Key: ARRL Database Key: # N non-Member SERA o open # A Open Autopatch c closed # B Emergency Power t CTSS tone access # C Under construction tt Touch Tone # E Emergency Autopatch RB Remote Base # K Packet Operation a autopatch # L Linked Repeater e emergency power # O Off the Air Temporarily x wide coverage # P Private Autopatch wx weather net # R Remote Base System y rtty/ascii # T Tone Accessed z direct access to law enforcement # V Television (SSTV/ATV) l linked/crossband repeat # Y RTTY Operation # 17 sponsor (call sign or club name) # 18 source of entry (call sign preferred) # If entry is copied from a published source and not personally # verified, use the organization publishing the data (e.g. ARRL) # key: sera - South Eastern Repeater Association repeater index # arrl - American Radio Relay League repeater directory # rtari - Research Triangle Amateur Radio Info # (v2.18) 1/10/94 # 19 date entry last updated (YYYYMMDD) # Since published data may only have a year of publication, the # date shall have a month and date of 0000 (e.g. 19940000). # 20 PL access (Hertz) # If multiple for multiple inputs, delineate with commas. # If none, enter 0.0 # 21 mode (e.g. F3E, A1A) # 22-27 reserved for future use (e.g. trustee) # # Any subsequent fields are free for users to define for their own use. # # ======================================================================== # # # -- Medical Image Processing Group | Conway Yee, N2JWQ 411 Blockley Hall | EMAIL : yee@mipg.upenn.edu 418 Service Drive | VOICE : 1 (215) 662-6780 Philadelphia, PA 19104-6021 (USA) | FAX : 1 (215) 898-9145 ------------------------------ Date: 7 Feb 1994 23:49:20 GMT From: ucsnews!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!agate!violet.berkeley.edu!mtrail@network.ucsd.edu Subject: which is better qrp band--30 or 40? To: info-hams@ucsd.edu The title says it all. Which band do you qrp'ers prefer? I've listened to both, and haven't formed an opinion one way or the other. 30 is much smaller...but half of 40 (i.e, the novice band) is pretty much unusable at night. 40 seems to be open a little more often, or is this not true?? I've read the arguments in some of the books, but am curious about actual operating experience... Thanks, Matt KN6CR ------------------------------ End of Info-Hams Digest V94 #127 ****************************** ******************************