Date: Thu, 20 Jan 94 02:05:14 PST From: Info-Hams Mailing List and Newsgroup <info-hams@ucsd.edu> Errors-To: Info-Hams-Errors@UCSD.Edu Reply-To: Info-Hams@UCSD.Edu Precedence: Bulk Subject: Info-Hams Digest V94 #57 To: Info-Hams Info-Hams Digest Thu, 20 Jan 94 Volume 94 : Issue 57 Today's Topics: Bird Problems with Yagi Antenna Global Alert For All: Jesus is Coming Soon How/Where to install mobile rig in a 92 Volvo 745? LA Comms los angeles disaster freqs MODS VK2WI Weekly News, 9th January, 1994 Send Replies or notes for publication to: <Info-Hams@UCSD.Edu> Send subscription requests to: <Info-Hams-REQUEST@UCSD.Edu> Problems you can't solve otherwise to brian@ucsd.edu. Archives of past issues of the Info-Hams Digest are available (by FTP only) from UCSD.Edu in directory "mailarchives/info-hams". We trust that readers are intelligent enough to realize that all text herein consists of personal comments and does not represent the official policies or positions of any party. Your mileage may vary. So there. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Tue, 18 Jan 1994 23:29:39 GMT From: envoy!equinox!arthurj@uunet.uu.net Subject: Bird Problems with Yagi Antenna To: info-hams@ucsd.edu This produces a messy roof and a serious hazard to parked cars, cats and small children on the ground :-) Also, however, the elements have been getting torqued seriously out of plane by the weight of the lil' chirpers. They seem not to have an eye for symmetry and apparently don't understand about balanced loads, balanced feed lines, or the like. I understand that the above puns probably have you reaching for your KILL file now, so enough mirth. Can anyone tell of similar experiences and how the problem was cured? I have contacted a local sporting goods company and they have plastic owl decoys...I am going to try one of those, I guess. The work of cranking down the tower, bringing the antenna to the ground, realigning the elements and putting it all back up again is depressing to contemplate. What about drilling a hole through the beam and the element, to augment the anti-twisting action of the U-bolt? All replies will be appreciated. -Art Johnson AA7UT ------------------------------ Date: 18 Jan 1994 14:58:11 GMT From: agate!news.Brown.EDU!NewsWatcher!user@ames.arpa Subject: Global Alert For All: Jesus is Coming Soon To: info-hams@ucsd.edu In article <2hfehn$t1o@orion.cc.andrews.edu>, clarence@orion.cc.andrews.edu (Clarence L. Thomas IV) wrote: > The earthquake in Los Angeles, California, the flood in Europe, the seemingly > unstoppable war in the former Yugoslavia, the devastating fires in Australia, > the flood in the Midwest of the United States of America, the devastating fires > near Los Angeles, California, the rapid and appalling increase in violence in > cities, towns, villages all over the world, the famines, the diseases, the rapid > decline of the family unit, and the destructive earthquake in India (in 1993) > are signs that this world's history is coming to a climax. The human race > has trampled on God's Constitution, as given in Exodus 20:1-17 (King James > Version Bible), and Jesus is coming to set things right. These rapidly > accelerating signs are an indication that Jesus is coming soon (Matthew 24). Can I ask a question? Did you actually sit there and post this to every single Usenet group? Enough of your wahoo bs... take this to a more appropriate forum since this is for amateur radio. Who knows, maybe one day a Ham will have a QSO with God himself. Tony -- == Tony Pelliccio, KD1NR == Anthony_Pelliccio@Brown.edu == Brown University Alumni & Development Computing Services == Box 1908 == Providence, RI 02912 == (401) 863-1880 ------------------------------ Date: 18 Jan 1994 14:52:58 GMT From: agate!news.Brown.EDU!NewsWatcher!user@ames.arpa Subject: How/Where to install mobile rig in a 92 Volvo 745? To: info-hams@ucsd.edu In article <1994Jan17.133741.9638@newsgate.sps.mot.com>, Michael R. Dow <R1156C@WACCVM.CORP.MOT.COM> wrote: > > SOMEONE out there must own a 745 or a 945.... Where did you put your > mobile rig? how did you wire it? How did you mount it? What antenna > did you use? > > Inquiring minds want to know.... > > Michael R. Dow > R1156C@WACCVM.CORP.MOT.COM > N1JCX > 1992 Volvo 745 without a ham radio.. :-( Well, having been in a more recent Volvo or two I have to say you've got lots of choices! I only WISH I had a car with that much under-dash space. Tony -- == Tony Pelliccio, KD1NR == Anthony_Pelliccio@Brown.edu == Brown University Alumni & Development Computing Services == Box 1908 == Providence, RI 02912 == (401) 863-1880 ------------------------------ Date: 18 Jan 1994 14:20:56 GMT From: slinky.cs.nyu.edu!longlast.cs.nyu.edu!jackson@nyu.arpa Subject: LA Comms To: info-hams@ucsd.edu Hello all, and good luck to the LA residents. What kind of communications did amateurs take part in during the emergency out there? I love to speculate (the less you know, the more you guess) but I would like to know for sure what kind of things kick into action when something like that strikes. If anyone has any interesting stories about communications they provided in ANY band or format, I'd love to hear about them. Steve -- Steven Jackson New York University Assistant to the Chair of Comp Sci Courant Inst. of Mathematical Sciences jackson@cs.nyu.edu, jcksnste@acfcluster 251 Mercer St, Room 411,NY 10012 ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 18 Jan 94 16:59:32 PST From: ucsnews!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!europa.eng.gtefsd.com!library.ucla.edu!csulb.edu!paris.ics.uci.edu!news.cwi.com!netcomsv!easyst!rclark@network.ucsd.edu Subject: los angeles disaster freqs To: info-hams@ucsd.edu ok several red cross,ares,dcs, and races groups are involved with comms for the northridge quake here in s.calif... they are: 147.225 castro pk 147.270 mt. disappoinment 145.300 mt. disappointment 147.705 oat mtn. used for quake reporting as well. 224.360 loop cyn/sylmar area freqs are very busy at times passing only emergency traffic....please look for my 2nd msg on here concerning health and welfare packet msgs into this area...thanks, richard n6uzs rclark@easyst.com ------------------------------ Date: 18 Jan 1994 15:14:30 GMT From: pipex!uknet!daresbury!NewsWatcher!user@uunet.uu.net Subject: MODS To: info-hams@ucsd.edu PLEASE CAN ANYBODY HELP ,ANY MODS FOR A KENWOOD TR7600 2M RIG THINKING EXTENDED RECEIVE ------------------------------ Date: 18 Jan 94 23:56:18 GMT From: munnari.oz.au!newshost.anu.edu.au!sserve!usage!metro!news.ci.com.au!eram!dave@network.ucsd.edu Subject: VK2WI Weekly News, 9th January, 1994 To: info-hams@ucsd.edu [ Taken from Packet Radio ] MEMBERSHIP RECRUITMENT & RETENTION CAMPAIGN HOW WOULD YOU LIKE TO WIN A BRAND NEW RIG? Members who renew, or non-members who join up between the 1st of December 1993 and the 28th of February 1994 will be eligible to win a new rig from Kenwood. First prize will be a TM-241A 2m, 50 watt mobile rig, while second prize will be one of the very new TH-28A 2m, 5 watt handheld rigs. Total value of the prizes is over $1400. There are no special forms to fill in or convoluted quizzes to answer - all you have to do is either join, if you're a non-member, or renew if you're a member. If your renewal does not fall within this period, no matter - you can renew early! If you do renew early, please do it through our Administrative Secretary, Margaret Morris, NOT through the Federal Office in Victoria. Both prizes will be awarded by way of a draw and presented to the winners at the earliest opportunity this year after the close of the promotion. Thanks go to Kenwood Electronics Australia who have generously sponsored the promotion by donating the prizes. So, if your membership renewal falls due between 1st December this year and 28th February next year, or if you're considering joining - DO IT - you could be one of two lucky winners. All grades of membership are eligible. Members currently on a three-year term will be included in the draw, as will life members. THE DIVISION'S DURAL STATION CLOSED Two recent events have brought about the closure of the Division's Dural station. On Friday, December 31st, the Division was served with a letter from Solicitors Marshall Marks Kennedy, acting for Ms Val Bergman. The letter alleged that she was seriously affronted by two packet radio bulletins which named her, transmitted to the Division's Bulletin Board VK2RWI on the 28th of December under the callsign of David Horsfall VK2KFU. The solicitor's letter also alleged that these two bulletins were part of a series and that she believed she was being harassed by Mr Horsfall. We must point out at this stage that Val Bergman is married to the Divisional Secretary, Roger Harrison. In addition, the solicitor said that the bulletins were defamatory of her and pointed out that, under the Radiocommunications Act, the Division's station licence was subject to a condition that th station could not be operated, or permitted to be operated, in such a manner. The Division was given until 5.00 pm on Friday the 7th of January to undertake to prevent such transmissions via the VK2RWI BBS in the future, or else the Division may receive an injunction to stop its operation. In addition, an action seeking damages for defamation was threatened. This action is very serious indeed, not only for the Division, but consequently for all packet radio BBS operators, users of packet radio and the entire amateur radio service. The point is that the Division, and any packet BBS operator, is a "knowing publisher" of whatever is posted to the packet BBS. Anyone who may be knowingly involved in the publication of defamatory material can be enjoined in a defamation action. And juries in recent defamation cases in NSW have awarded astonishingly high sums in damages. This resulted in a decision to take the VK2RWI packet BBS off-air for the time being. Vice-President John Robinson VK2XY handled this legal business for the Division as Secretary Roger Harrison declined owing to his relationship with Val Bergman. As if that weren't serious enough for the Division, on Sunday morning the 2nd of January, there was a broadcast made from Dural, which was purported to be an "official" broadcast. The text of that broadcast was also transmitted as a series of bulletins to the packet radio network under the callsign of VK2WI. These voice and packet broadcasts were unauthorised and contain material which is untrue. In view of these serious events, and following considerable discussion among the President, Vice-President, Secretary, and two other Councillors, being a majority of the Council including the executive, the Institute's packet radio bulletin board system VK2RWI, was taken off the air on Sunday 2nd January 1994 and the equipment dismantled and removed from the Institute's property at 63 Quarry Rd, Dural. In addition, the other transmitting equipment at Dural has been secured against unauthorised use and the building secured against unauthorised entry by other persons. A notice detailing the closure of the station has been posted on the door of the building, and the same notice has been transmitted to the packet radio network in New South Wales. The Division's solicitors have advised that the station closure was an appropriate action in view of all the circumstances which, apart from the action over the packet BBS, involved breach of the Division's station licences. Those involved in the unauthorised broadcast of the 2nd of January include: Councillor Cesar Miranda VK2TCM, Steve Pullan VK2QZ and David Horsfall VK2KFU. However, yesterday afternoon, the VK2RWI voice repeater was restored to operation for the use of WICEN in support of bushfire operations around Sydney. DIVISIONAL NEWS. Council, or at least the majority of Council, regrets that the actions of a few have disadvantaged the majority of members. A major goal of most of those elected to this Council last May was to clean up the Division's operations, policies and procedures; to put the Division on a proper footing in all aspects of its operations. It is very sad for the Institute that we have been forced to take these steps owing to the acts of people who, for quite erroneous reasons, believe that they have rights superior to the other members of the Institute and superior to the management of the Division, which is a company. This Council has had to battle many such acts by some members and, worse still, some Councillors, since the AGM last May, and it has continued despite the caution about acting within the law President Terry Ryeland gave to people in his speech on the last broadcast for 1993 on December the 19th, and his plea for reason and sanity to prevail. They should heed not just the law, but the spirit of The Amateur's Code. The actions of just a small group of people, including some Councillors, have virtually hijacked the business of the Council and simply wasted the resources of the Division, the efforts of volunteers and interfered with the proper management of the Division - all without a skerrick of mandate from the membership. It's time it ceased. Honourable people offer assistance to the Division when the organisation needs it, not interference with its business. Thanks must go to those Councillors and volunteers who maintain the Division's operations for the benefit of the whole membership. The agreement which was drawn up at the recent ATV forum, held on the 17th of December was delivered to Council by Peter O'Connell VK2EMU, who chaired that forum. Council discussed aspects of the agreement which has been referred to the new Technical Advisory Committee. Council noted a letter of resignation from the broadcast coordinator, Steve Pullan VK2QZ. The broadcast team and arrangements for broadcasts are to be re-formed. Broadcast team members will be advised this coming week. And that's it for Divisional news. Message from the President Terry Ryeland VK2UX. "The efficient conduct of the Division's business is being adversely affected ......... and I call upon ALL COUNCILLORS - AND all Divisional volunteer workers - to bear in mind the interests of the members and the Division. They come first. "In taking up our positions, we all owe a duty to the Division and the members, and we should not allow any dispute or difference of view or opinion to affect the discharge of those duties. "I remind Councillors and Office Bearers that your actions are subject to the general law, including law relating to defamation. "There are constructive ways to resolve differences, and that does not include the unruly disruption of Council meetings. "Council meetings are the primary forum for conducting the Division's business. Let us get back to that business - the business of providing services to members and to the amateur radio community at large. "Differences can be aired at private committee meetings. The resolution of conflict is best done through constructive action, not destructive disputes. "Let us take this opportunity to take heed of the spirit of the season, and look to our duties and our differences and resolve to act in the interests of the members and the Division and to put value and pride in belonging to this could-be-great organisation." COUNCIL MEETING IN WOLLONGONG Following a requisition by Councillor John Simon VK2XGJ, Council held a meeting on Tuesday January the 4th at Wollongong SES Headquarters. John nominated the date, the time and the place of the meeting, as he is quite properly able to do under the Corporations Law. He was aware that the Institute has some deadlines to meet regarding the business of the Division and, with that in mind, requisitioned the meeting under Articles 29 and 30 of the Division's Articles of Association. Notices were posted on December the 29th. On Friday, December 31st, the Division was served with a letter from a solicitor, John Gillmour, acting for Councillors Cesar Miranda VK2TCM, Roger Henley VK2ZIG and Bob Yorston VK2CAN. The solicitor acting for these three Councillors sought to prevent the meeting going ahead. The letter was referred to the Division's solicitors who replied, pointing out that the meeting was properly requisitioned, notices were properly served and the Council had urgent business to consider by or before that date. An action to injunct the holding of the meeting, threatened by the solicitor for Councillors Miranda, Henley and Yorston, did not eventuate, and the meeting went ahead as planned. Present were: Terry Ryeland VK2UX, John Simon VK2XGJ, John Robinson VK2XY, Julie Kentwell VK2XBR and Roger Harrison VK2ZTB. Councillors Cesar Miranda VK2TCM, Roger Henley VK2ZIG and Tim Mills VK2ZTM were absent. No notification of their absence was lodged either at the Division or with the Secretary. Councillor Bob Yorston had notified his absence to the Division on the 21st of December. There were 17 visitors present, coming from the Illawarra region, the South Coast, the Blue Mountains and Sydney. Council first dealt with the business before the meeting adjourned from the 17th of December, which was requisitioned by Councillors Cesar Miranda VK2TCM, Roger Henley VK2ZIG, Bob Yorston VK2CAN and Tim Mills VK2ZTM. That business involved a motion of no confidence in the Secretary Roger Harrison VK2ZTB and a motion seeking to dismiss him from all positions. That meeting was adjourned by President Terry Ryeland when it became unruly. The motion of no confidence was defeated by a vote of five-zero. Terry Ryeland, on advice from Institute solicitor David Lewarne, ruled the motion to dismiss the Secretary out of order as it contravened Article 51 of the Division's Articles of Association. The reasons for the no confidence motion and dismissal advanced by Councillors Henley and Miranda were found to be unsubstantiated. Also, at the meeting of January 4th, Council set the date for the Extraordinary General Meeting which was requisitioned on the 5th of December. The EGM will be held on Saturday the 26th of February, at the Doonside Community Centre, where the November EGM was held. It will open at 2.00 pm, or 1400 hours local time. Official notice of the EGM will appear in the February issue of AR magazine. Note that the 26th is the day before the Central Coast Field Day at Wyong. Another important item on the agenda was the Division's insurances. The insurance schedule is to be referred to an assessor in order that all the values of property to be insured are up to date. Council is due to finalise choice of insurance broker and insurer at its meeting scheduled for the 21st of January. Council noted a letter of resignation from the Chairman of the NSW Technical Advisory Committee, Cesar Miranda VK2TCM. In his letter, Mr Miranda alleged that Council was exercising too much control over NTAC. Council, while accepting Mr Miranda's resignation, did not accept the reason. It was pointed out that quite a number of applications regarding repeaters were waiting to be passed to Council for approval before sending to the SMA, some being outstanding for more than four months. It was also revealed that there were a series of letters of complaint to the Division from three affiliated radio clubs about inaction by NTAC. Council pointed out that there were TEN Council meetings between the start of October and the end of December at which approvals could have been placed before Council. It was also pointed out that an NTAC Report is also on the standard agenda for each Council meeting, providing an opportunity for approvals to be passed by Council. No action was taken by Cesar Miranda, the then Chairman of NTAC to put approvals before Council. Hence, his allegation of "control" of NTAC by the Council was rejected as untrue. He did not submit approvals for the meeting of January the 4th. As a result, Council then appointed John Simon VK2XGJ as Chairman of NTAC. He was given the responsibility to obtain all outstanding repeater applications and all NTAC files, to find willing volunteers to serve as members of NTAC and to report to the Council meeting scheduled for the 21st of January. Telecom donates FM-828 transceivers to the VK2 Division. On a happier note, the donation of more than 500 FM828 VHF transceivers to the Division by Telecom was announced at Council's January 4th meeting in Wollongong. The official handover took place on the 21st of December. Well-known amateur Dick Smith VK2DIK accepted the donation on behalf of the Division, from Mr Charles Zoi, manager of Telecom marketing in Sydney. The ceremony took place at the headquarters of Australian Geographic in Terrey Hills. Vice-President John Robinson VK2XY and Secretary Roger Harrison VK2ZTB attended for the Division. Council will determine the disposal of the FM828s at its meeting on the 21st of January. WICEN News As listeners may already be aware, WICEN has been active in providing support for bushfire fighting operations. According to information gained earlier this evening, WICEN has been called out on the South Coast, in Sydney South, Sydney North, in the Hunter region and the Central Coast. Apparently, Mid-North Coast WICEN is on standby. State Emergency Services communications has failed in the Central Coast and WICEN has completely taken over communications for them. Thanks to John Howard, WICEN State Coordinator, for that news. IPS REPORT Here is the IPS Weekly Report, courtesy of IPS Radio & Space Services. This report was issued on the 7th of January and covers 31st December to the January 6th. First the ionospheric indices: These are for 31 December, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th January, The 10 centimetre flux: 141 148 146 133 129 137 132 Now the A index: 16 21 19 13 6 5 10 Finally, the T index: 116 51 46 55 73 80 86 Summary of activity: solar activity was low on New Year's eve, very low on New Year's day, high with an M-class solar flare on January the 2nd, and low on January the 3rd. On January 4th, solar activity was again very low, rising to moderate on the 5th and returning to low on January the 6th. Ionospheric critical frequencies were enhanced by at least 15 per cent and up to 30 to 50 per cent from December 31st through to January 6th. Strong sporadic E was observed every day from December 31st through to January 4th. Forecast for the next week, 7 to 13 January is as follows: Solar activity - low, Geomagnetic activity - quiet with a possible active period on 12th-13th January. Ionospheric critical frequencies are expected to be near normal or enhanced by 10 to 20 per cent. Thanks to the IPS Radio & Space Services for that report. COMING EVENTS VK2 Divisional Office re-opens . . . . . . . . . Monday the 10th Next Divisional Council meeting . . . . . . . . . 21st January Divisional Trash & Treasure Sale. . . . . . . . . 23rd January Packet Radio users meeting at Amateur Radio House . . . 23rd January WICEN (NSW) Committee meeting. . . . . . . . . . 12th February AATC meeting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13th February Divisional EGM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26th February Central Coast Field Day at Wyong. . . . . . . . . 27th February Closing date for the Division's AGM. . . . . . . . 27th February Daylight Saving ends. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6th March Bungonia Cave Rescue (WICEN) . . . . . . . . . . 19th & 20th March AATC Workshop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20th March -- Dave Horsfall (VK2KFU) VK2KFU @ VK2OP.NSW.AUS.OC PGP 2.3 dave@esi.COM.AU ...munnari!esi.COM.AU!dave available ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 18 Jan 1994 15:14:31 GMT From: hearst.acc.Virginia.EDU!murdoch!lambda.itc.Virginia.EDU!jeg7e@uunet.uu.net To: info-hams@ucsd.edu References <MAIL_QUEUE-101.940106163629.288@freh-01ms.adpc.purdue.edu>, <wy1zCJr8GH.EAI@netcom.com>, <1994Jan17.151331.5142@venus.cmc.ca> Subject : Re: Requesting Yaesu FT-530 info You may have heard this, but it's wrong. The FT530 does not tx in AM. >The radio has so many features and functions that I haven't >had a need for additional mods. I can get the radio doing >some pretty wild stuff like simulataneously scanning 30-odd >channels (some with CTCSS decode) on the 144 side while >searching cell-phone frequencies on the 440 side. Fun! Besides beling illegal (which might make one a bit more circumspect) it is functionaly impossible with the FT530. This radio does not allow user selection of step rates in the 800-950Mc band. 12.5Kc is enforced and cannot be changed. If you can tell me how you may have overcome this limitation, PLEASE DO. > >73, >Peter > >Peter A. Stokes ______________________ Voice & Voice mail: (613) 545-2923 >Engineering Applications Support ____________________ FAX: (613) 548-8104 >Canadian Microelectronics Corporation ________________ Net: stokes@cmc.ca >Kingston, Ontario, CANADA _________________________________ Radio: VE3ZXT > > >Article: 35946 of rec.radio.amateur.misc >From: johns@hp-ptp.ptp.hp.com (John Schubert) >Date: Tue, 15 Jun 1993 22:13:57 GMT >Subject: Re: FT-530 HT coverage expansion mods needed >Message-ID: <19130028@hp-ptp.ptp.hp.com> >Organization: HP Pacific Technology Park - Sunnyvale, Ca. >Path: venus!news.ccs.queensu.ca!torn!utnut!cs.utexas.edu!swrinde!sdd.hp.com!apollo.hp.com!cupnews0.cup.hp.com!hpscit.sc.hp.com!hplextra!hpcc05!hp-ptp!johns >Newsgroups: rec.radio.amateur.misc >References: <1v2qrr$q8j@techbook.techbook.com> >Lines: 51 > >YAESU FT-530 >(from Yaesu Service Dept.) > >Expanded Receive 110-180, 300-500 MHz[, 800-950 MHz ] >[ Transmit 140-150, 430-450 MHz ] > >o Remove Antenna and Battery. >o Remove four screws on bottom holding battery track. >o Remove the four (black) screws holding rear case. >o Slowly... open the front cover from tranceiver and lay both halves on table. >o Note positioning of white paper insulator in right half of radio and lift out > (don't throw away) >o Carefully locate Jumper Pad 13 and remove solder. >o Carefully locate Jumper Pad 15 and remove solder or 0 Ohm chip resistor. >o Re-install white paper insulator, make sure ground tab slides through the > paper insulator. >o Close radio back up (Careful not to pinch the ribbon cable near lithium > battery when closing halves). >o Re-install the four (black) screws holding rear case. >o Re-install the four (small silver) screws on bottom holding battery track to > radio body. >o Attach Antenna and Battery. >o Turn off Radio.... Press and hold both arrow keys while turning on the Radio. >o Modification Complete. > >------------------------ >| | >| | >| | >| | >| --- | >| | | | >| --- / >| --- / >| | | / 2 (|) (|) 1 >| --- / 4 (|) (|) 3 >| / <--- Jumpers are here 6 (|) (|) 5 >| o / 8 (|) (|) 7 >----------------- Blowup ---> 10 (|) (|) 9 > 12 (|) (|) 11 > 14 (|) (|) 13 > 16 (|) (|) 15 >- > >Depending on the version you have it may look more like this: > >... 12 (|) (|) 11 > (|) 13 > 16 (|) (|) 15 > >NOTE: Items in []'s are not mentioned by Yaesu... > > -- Any opinions expressed herein are not necessarily those of The University. __________________________________________________________________________ \ \ / Jon Gefaell, Computer Systems Engineer | Amateur Radio, KD4CQY \/\/ A UNIX guy doing Netware - ITC/Carruthers | -Will chmod for Food- \/ The University of Virginia, Charlottesville | Hacker@Virginia.EDU ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ------------------------------ End of Info-Hams Digest V94 #57 ****************************** ******************************