Date: Wed, 22 Dec 93 23:36:21 PST From: Info-Hams Mailing List and Newsgroup <info-hams@ucsd.edu> Errors-To: Info-Hams-Errors@UCSD.Edu Reply-To: Info-Hams@UCSD.Edu Precedence: Bulk Subject: Info-Hams Digest V93 #1500 To: Info-Hams Info-Hams Digest Wed, 22 Dec 93 Volume 93 : Issue 1500 Today's Topics: Call Book Server (2 msgs) Commercial Radio Exams ** Saterday Jan 8th 1994 ** Cambridge MA ** Daily Summary of Solar Geophysical Activity for 20 December Designations for microwave bands? (3 msgs) Don't try this at home Hams and Linux help me pleas Help With Noise Source Morse Code blues RAEM,UPOL etc Special Event from RUSSIA what was the telnet address for the ham/call database?? Send Replies or notes for publication to: <Info-Hams@UCSD.Edu> Send subscription requests to: <Info-Hams-REQUEST@UCSD.Edu> Problems you can't solve otherwise to brian@ucsd.edu. Archives of past issues of the Info-Hams Digest are available (by FTP only) from UCSD.Edu in directory "mailarchives/info-hams". We trust that readers are intelligent enough to realize that all text herein consists of personal comments and does not represent the official policies or positions of any party. Your mileage may vary. So there. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: 23 Dec 93 05:14:08 GMT From: ogicse!uwm.edu!wupost!wuecl.wustl.edu!cec3!jlw3@network.ucsd.edu Subject: Call Book Server To: info-hams@ucsd.edu Ted Thompson (tedt@halcyon.com) wrote: : roakley@guvax.acc.georgetown.edu writes: : >The callbook server at the New Jersey Institute of Technology has been : >listed as a menu choice on our local VAX. However, when I tried it : >today, I got the message that the server has been shut down. : >Does anyone know of an alternate address. Is the one at SUNY Buffalo : >still in operation? What is its address. : >Many thanks for your help. : >73 & Happy Holidays : >Bob : >WK3C : : "telnet callsign.cs.buffalo.edu.2000" ^ this last period will tend to screw things up--it's node 2000 of the host; i.e. "telnet callsign.cs.buffalo.edu 2000" : Ted : KB7ZQQ ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 22 DEC 93 13:41:39 EST From: library.ucla.edu!europa.eng.gtefsd.com!howland.reston.ans.net!spool.mu.edu!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!noc.near.net!news.delphi.com!usenet@network.ucsd.edu Subject: Call Book Server To: info-hams@ucsd.edu Bob, check with your Gofer, I believe that up at University of Buffalo, there is another good callbook server, although I only used it once before. 73.. Woody AK2F ------------------------------ Date: 22 Dec 1993 09:51:13 GMT From: w1gsl@athena.mit.edu Subject: Commercial Radio Exams ** Saterday Jan 8th 1994 ** Cambridge MA ** To: info-hams@ucsd.edu ** MROP and GROL exams in Cambridge MA ** Sat. January 8th 1994 ** The MIT Radio Exam Team will conduct exams for the General Radiotelephone Operators License and the Marine Radio Operators Permit. The exams will be held at 10AM Saturday January 8th in MIT Room 1-150 at 77 Mass Ave in Cambridge MA. A regular schedule of exams is planned for Cambridge MA. on the second Saturday of odd numbered months. For more information call Nick at 617 253 3776 (9-5). There is a $35 examination fee. Bring the ** original ** and a copy of any commercial license or proof of passing certificates you want to claim credit for. Also bring 2 forms of picture ID, a black pen and a pencil. Copies of the question pool are available from the Government Printing office or from W5YI at 1 800 669 9594. This is probably the best study guide available for the moment. A few copies are available for pickup in Cambridge. The General Radio Telephone Operators License is required to service transmitters in the aviation, maritime and international radio services. A Maritime Radio Operators Permit is required to operate radiotelephone stations aboard large ships and certain aviation and coast stations. At a later date exams will be available for the Commercial Radio Telegraph operators licenses and the Global Maritime Distress and Safety Systems (GMDSS) licenses. Amateur Extra Class operators may be particularly interested in obtaining a commercial telegraph license as they will receive credit for the 20 WPM 2nd class code exam. The MIT Radio Exam Team operates under the auspices of the National Radio Examiners COLEM, part of the W5YI group. ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 20 Dec 1993 21:43:54 MST From: news.service.uci.edu!usc.edu!math.ohio-state.edu!cyber2.cyberstore.ca!nntp.cs.ubc.ca!cs.ubc.ca!alberta!nebulus!ve6mgs!usenet@network.ucsd.edu Subject: Daily Summary of Solar Geophysical Activity for 20 December To: info-hams@ucsd.edu /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ DAILY SUMMARY OF SOLAR GEOPHYSICAL ACTIVITY 20 DECEMBER, 1993 /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ (Based In-Part On SESC Observational Data) SOLAR AND GEOPHYSICAL ACTIVITY INDICES FOR 20 DECEMBER, 1993 ------------------------------------------------------------ !!BEGIN!! (1.0) S.T.D. Solar Geophysical Data Broadcast for DAY 354, 12/20/93 10.7 FLUX=091.0 90-AVG=098 SSN=053 BKI=3223 2232 BAI=010 BGND-XRAY=B1.8 FLU1=2.9E+06 FLU10=1.1E+04 PKI=3213 2233 PAI=009 BOU-DEV=031,017,011,021,012,016,023,017 DEV-AVG=018 NT SWF=00:000 XRAY-MAX= C1.5 @ 0730UT XRAY-MIN= B1.1 @ 0128UT XRAY-AVG= B3.3 NEUTN-MAX= +002% @ 2200UT NEUTN-MIN= -004% @ 1930UT NEUTN-AVG= -0.4% PCA-MAX= +0.1DB @ 2120UT PCA-MIN= -0.3DB @ 0955UT PCA-AVG= -0.0DB BOUTF-MAX=55362NT @ 0259UT BOUTF-MIN=55338NT @ 1917UT BOUTF-AVG=55351NT GOES7-MAX=P:+000NT@ 0000UT GOES7-MIN=N:+000NT@ 0000UT G7-AVG=+072,+000,+000 GOES6-MAX=P:+138NT@ 1849UT GOES6-MIN=N:-056NT@ 0846UT G6-AVG=+093,+020,-028 FLUXFCST=STD:093,095,097;SESC:093,095,097 BAI/PAI-FCST=012,007,007/012,010,010 KFCST=2333 3322 1223 3322 27DAY-AP=006,005 27DAY-KP=2211 2221 2211 2121 WARNINGS=*SWF ALERTS= !!END-DATA!! NOTE: The Effective Sunspot Number for 19 DEC 93 is not available. The Full Kp Indices for 19 DEC 93 are not available. SYNOPSIS OF ACTIVITY -------------------- Solar activity was low. New Region 7640 (N09E70) produced several small C-class flares and numerous lesser fluctuations. This region is new from last rotation and appears to be in a growth phase. The spots here are not in a standard bipolar configuration. Region 7641 (N03E75) also appeared but was quiet. This is the return of old Region 7624 which seems to have slowly decayed during its invisible hemisphere transit. Other regions were stable and quiet. Recent Yohkoh images do not show the large coronal hole in the northeast quadrant that has been persistent for many rotations. It may become visible as those longitudes approach central meridian. Solar activity forecast: solar activity should continue at a generally low level. Region 7640 is capable of producing isolated M-class flares. Once the magnetic structure can be observed, this forecast may increase. At this time, Region 7640 does not appear capable of generating a major flare. The geomagnetic field was at quiet to unsettled levels. Isolated active conditions were experienced at various sites at various times. Geophysical activity forecast: the field should be predominantly unsettled on 21 Dec. Quiet conditions are forecast for 22-23 Dec. Event probabilities 21 dec-23 dec Class M 25/25/25 Class X 01/01/01 Proton 01/01/01 PCAF Green Geomagnetic activity probabilities 21 dec-23 dec A. Middle Latitudes Active 25/15/15 Minor Storm 10/05/05 Major-Severe Storm 01/01/01 B. High Latitudes Active 25/15/15 Minor Storm 10/05/05 Major-Severe Storm 01/01/01 HF propagation conditions continued near-normal over the middle and low latitudes. High and polar latitudes also continued to see slightly below-normal propagation with night-sector signal instabilities dominating. Similar conditions are expected over the next 72 hours, with gradual improvements over the high latitudes possible. SWF activity is possible over middle and low latitude sunlit paths. COPIES OF JOINT USAF/NOAA SESC SOLAR GEOPHYSICAL REPORTS ======================================================== REGIONS WITH SUNSPOTS. LOCATIONS VALID AT 20/2400Z DECEMBER ----------------------------------------------------------- NMBR LOCATION LO AREA Z LL NN MAG TYPE 7635 N01W02 274 0040 CSO 04 004 BETA 7637 N09W59 331 0000 BXO 03 003 BETA 7640 N09E69 203 0090 DSO 09 005 BETA 7641 N03E74 198 0070 HSX 02 001 ALPHA 7632 N05W72 344 PLAGE 7638 N12W80 352 PLAGE REGIONS DUE TO RETURN 21 DECEMBER TO 23 DECEMBER NMBR LAT LO 7623 S13 158 LISTING OF SOLAR ENERGETIC EVENTS FOR 20 DECEMBER, 1993 ------------------------------------------------------- BEGIN MAX END RGN LOC XRAY OP 245MHZ 10CM SWEEP NONE POSSIBLE CORONAL MASS EJECTION EVENTS FOR 20 DECEMBER, 1993 ----------------------------------------------------------- BEGIN MAX END LOCATION TYPE SIZE DUR II IV NO EVENTS OBSERVED INFERRED CORONAL HOLES. LOCATIONS VALID AT 20/2400Z --------------------------------------------------- ISOLATED HOLES AND POLAR EXTENSIONS EAST SOUTH WEST NORTH CAR TYPE POL AREA OBSN NO DATA AVAILABLE FOR ANALYSIS SUMMARY OF FLARE EVENTS FOR THE PREVIOUS UTC DAY ------------------------------------------------ NO DATA PRESENTLY AVAILABLE ** End of Daily Report ** ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 20 Dec 1993 23:31:40 GMT From: netcomsv!netcom.com!btoback@decwrl.dec.com Subject: Designations for microwave bands? To: info-hams@ucsd.edu I've looked everywhere but in the right place, and I can't find a list of the alphabetic designations for microwave bands and the frequencies they represent (e.g., Ku-band, C-band, etc.). Can anyone tell me where I can find such a list? I've been able to get some idea from context, at least where frequently-used amateur microwave bands are concerned, but it would be nice to have the whole list. Thanks, -- Bruce Toback ------------------------------ Date: 22 Dec 1993 09:07:59 GMT From: usc.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!xlink.net!zib-berlin.de!netmbx.de!Germany.EU.net!EU.net!news.eunet.fi!funic!nokia.fi!davies@network.ucsd.edu Subject: Designations for microwave bands? To: info-hams@ucsd.edu Tom Bruhns (tomb@lsid.hp.com) wrote: > Sams' "Reference Data for Engineers" has such a list in the seventh edition > on pg 1-4. For example, X band is 5.20GHz to 10.90GHz, K band is > 10.9 to 36 (with Ku at 17.25). A footnote says C band includes Sz through > Xy, or 3.90 to 6.20GHz. I'm a bit suprised at some of these you mention from Sams. I know there are differences (see table I've just posted), but, for example, X-band, I've never seen it referred to as 5.2 to 10.9GHz - the usual is 8 to 12GHz, or 8.2 to 12.4 GHz - always something centred on approx 10GHz - a band with a long history of radar use. Similarly, K band 10.9 to 36, this is far to wide for a designation of this type - it is no coincidence that many designations cover the operating range of a standard (rectangular) waveguide size. Steve Davies, davies@mobira.nmp.nokia.com, G4KNZ. ------------------------------ Date: 22 Dec 1993 08:57:38 GMT From: usc.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!pipex!sunic!trane.uninett.no!news.eunet.no!nuug!news.eunet.fi!funic!nokia.fi!davies@network.ucsd.edu Subject: Designations for microwave bands? To: info-hams@ucsd.edu Bruce Toback (btoback@netcom.com) wrote: > I've looked everywhere but in the right place, and I can't find a list of > the alphabetic designations for microwave bands and the frequencies they > represent (e.g., Ku-band, C-band, etc.). I've now found the table, which is included below, this is just showing designations. The waveguide sizes, freq ranges, designations is a separate table, which I can post if anyone is interested. MIL IEEE (std 521) Revised JCS Hewlett Packard Desc. Frequency Desc. Frequency Desc. Frequency Desc. Frequency ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- -------------------- HF 3-30MHz A 0-250MHz VHF 30-300MHz B 250-500MHz UHF 300MHz-1GHz C 500MHz-1GHz L 1-2GHz D 1-2GHz S 2-4GHz E 2-3GHz S 2.6-3.95GHz F 3-4GHz C 4-8GHz G 4-6GHz G 3.95-5.85GHz H 6-8GHz J 5.85-8.2GHz X 8-12GHz I 8-10GHz X 8.2-12.4GHz Ku (J) 12-18GHz J 10-20GHz M 10-15GHz P(Ku) 12.4-18GHz K 18-26.5GHz K 18-27GHz N 15-22GHz K 18-26.5GHz Ka 26.5-40GHz Ka 27-40GHz K 20-40GHz R(Ka) 26.5-40GHz Q 33-50GHz (Q) Q 33-50GHz U 40-60GHz mm 40-300GHz L 40-60GHz U 40-60GHz V 50-75GHz V 50-75GHz E 60-90GHz M 60-100GHz E 60-90GHz W 75-110GHz W 75-110GHz F 90-140GHz D 110-170GHz G 140-220GHz ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- -------------------- Steve Davies, davies@mobira.nmp.nokia.com, G4KNZ. ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 21 Dec 1993 14:33:03 GMT From: ucsnews!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!vixen.cso.uiuc.edu!usenet.ucs.indiana.edu!silver.ucs.indiana.edu!djadams@network.ucsd.edu Subject: Don't try this at home To: info-hams@ucsd.edu Greetings! Let's just imagine that you are tooling around on 80m one evening and come across a very faint signal which sounds like it just ended a cq call with /qrp. Let's just suppose that you are seized with the desire to work this station, so you through on your phones (stereo so all sound goes through one ear piece only) and you turn the af and rf gain all the way up so that you can hear the signal better....now, just as you are straining to the utmost to make out the final letter in the call, let's just say your wife is in the kitchen and decides to make some cookies....and, as a result, turns on the hand mixer... When you regain consciousness, you'll have to mention to your dear xyl that the noise level coming out of that thing takes the needle off the scale... OW..... 73 de Dave, N9UXU David J Adams, N9UXU Internet: djadams@silver.ucs.indiana.edu Amiga User and Flow Cytometry Advocate Looking for a mobile 2m and/or 70cm rig Conure Society of America. "Push the button Frank..." --- -. .-.. -.-- .- -- .. --. .- ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 21 Dec 1993 20:51:34 GMT From: usc.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!lerc.nasa.gov!magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu!math.ohio-state.edu!news.acns.nwu.edu!news.eecs.nwu.edu!gagme!n5ial!jim@network.ucsd.edu Subject: Hams and Linux To: info-hams@ucsd.edu NOTE: Followups redirected to comp.os.linux.misc. In article <1993Dec17.171947.24787@fylz.com> phil@fylz.com (Phil Hughes LJ Editor) writes: >I have included the info sheet "What is Linux?" > What is Linux? > [ .... ] > > An average system requires 8MB of RAM and 300-1000MB of disk storage ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ I do hope these numbers were put in the info sheet as either a mistake or a joke (that's explained somewhere else), because they're not even remotely close to reality.... Sure, it would be *NICE* to have 300 Meg of disk space (boy would it *EVER* be nice!!!), but you can have a minimal system (mostly only for system maintenance, e.g., filesystem repair) on a single 1.44 Meg floppy, and with 30 Meg of space, you can have a fairly decent system. Here's what I have: Filesystem 1024-blocks Used Available Capacity Mounted on /dev/hda3 54390 49789 1882 96% / /dev/hda6 16694 8153 7707 51% /newsspool plus a 6.7 Meg swap partition. The /newsspool partition holds /usr/spool/news/* for a limited news feed, and the root partition holds everything else. Yes, space is tight (as shown above), but part of that is due to some stuff that I'm working on right now that's taking up lots of extra space (normally I have about 5--6 Meg free in '/'). In that root partition, I have the basic system including gcc, Taylor UUCP, smail, C-News, trn, etc., as well as TeX and METAFONT, X11R5 (not the complete distribution---only stuff I use), various PD utils, games, etc.... As for RAM, 8 Meg is certainly a good idea, but I ran on 4 Meg up until very recently (including X, btw, though not all the time), and am now still only running 6 Meg. Just wanted to set the record straight..... --jim -- #include <std_disclaimer.h> 73 DE N5IAL (/4) -------------------------< Running Linux 0.99 PL10 >-------------------------- Internet: jim@n5ial.mythical.com | j.graham@ieee.org ICBM: 30.23N 86.32W Amateur Radio: (packet station temporarily offline) AMTOR SELCAL: NIAL ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ E-mail me for information about KAMterm (host mode for Kantronics TNCs). ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 16 Dec 1993 15:02:08 GMT From: library.ucla.edu!agate!howland.reston.ans.net!pipex!uknet!EU.net!Germany.EU.net!netmbx.de!zrz.TU-Berlin.DE!zib-berlin.de!fauern!rrze.uni-erlangen.de!cip.informatik.uni-erlangen.de!tnfechne@@ Subject: help me pleas To: info-hams@ucsd.edu Hello out there, I write this messages, because i need a chrismas present fort my sister. She is collecting postcards from all countries on earth. But now the post is getting smaller, no one wants to write her, it is only a few words and she would be happy. Now she is in the 10th class , so she doesn't have an internet account. I ask you to send my postcards to make a great present. My address is: Torsten Fechner Heilikastr. 21 94034 Passau Germany If you be a amateur radio operator and if you have a packwet radio station, please let me know; I will answer your postcard via PR (don't forget to tellme your homebbs inclusive the hole header) so long and many thanks +------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Torsten Fechner Home-QTH: Passau JN69RO Studien-QTH:Erlangen JN59MN | | Internet-email: tnfechne@cip.informatik.uni-erlangen.de | | Amateur-Radio : DG7RO MyBBS: DB0LNA.#BAY.DEU.EU | +------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 21 Dec 1993 13:27:52 GMT From: ncar!uchinews!att-out!cbnewsj!w1gd@ames.arpa Subject: Help With Noise Source To: info-hams@ucsd.edu I'm looking for help in tracking down a source of noise. I've had pretty good results tracking these things down in the past, but this one has me stumped. The noise is really a problem only on 160 meters. Since I've been operating 160 only in contests, I haven't taken the time to track this down before now. With sunspots disappearing as fast as they are, it's finally time to track down the source and get rid of it. I've made the following observations: 1. The noise is 20db over S9 on my S-meter on 160. (I use an inverted-L on this band.) The noise level falls off rapidly: around S3 on 80 and barely noticeable on 15 and 10 meters. I actually only hear the noise on 15 and 10 when the band is very quiet (like at night or early morning) and the beam is pointed south. 2. The noise has a VERY regular pattern: approximately 3 seconds on and 1 second off. The noise blankers on my TS-940 don't have much effect. 3. The noise is present at all times of the year and at all times of the day or night EXCEPT when it is raining or right after it has stopped raining. 4. I've eliminated my house by shutting down all power and listening on a battery operated radio -- the noise is still present. Pointing the beam to peak the noise on 15 and 10 meters gives me a general direction. The noise is so weak up there, it's hard to get any more that about 30 degree accuracy, but the nearest house in that direction is about 1000 feet away. We have underground utilities in our development. The adjacent neighborhood has above ground utilities and is at least 0.5 miles away in that direction. Conclusions I've drawn so far: 1. The noise source is outside (because of the effect of rain). 2. It's not a thermostat or door bell transformer (the regularity of the pattern and the independence of season and temperature). 3. It's not a power transformer or insulator problem (because of the regular pattern). 4. Because of the high level on 160 and the drop off at higher frequencies, it's not very close but must have a fair amount of power (I think this eliminates any outside motion detectors that control lights.) I'd really appreciate any help on identifying the noise source. Thanks, Gerry, W1GD ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 22 Dec 1993 04:56:07 GMT From: netcomsv!netcom.com!henrys@decwrl.dec.com Subject: Morse Code blues To: info-hams@ucsd.edu Jeremy Utley (cbr600@nighthawk.ksu.ksu.edu) wrote: : Hello all. Just had my first bad experience as a Tech plus licensee. Went up : etc. : send slower. I did that about 3 times, and this guy comes back at about 18 wpm Jeremy, I've been doing CW for 40 years and every once in a while I still have some dipwad answer me at mach 9.5. The great majority of the people that I meet on CW are fine folks and are more than understanding. Dont let the dummies get you down. 73, Smitty - NA5K -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | Henry B. Smith - NA5K henrys@netcom.com | | Dallas, Texas | | | | "I'm not sure I understand everything that I know" | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ Date: 22 Dec 93 17:01:07 GMT From: news-mail-gateway@ucsd.edu Subject: RAEM,UPOL etc Special Event from RUSSIA To: info-hams@ucsd.edu To: All whom it may concern Since 1934 until early seventies hams had a chance to contact amateur station with unique call sign - RAEM. This one was used by Ernst Krenkel - well known polar explorer. His contribution to the development of amateur radio in the Soviet Union was a great one and he was the President of the Radio Sports Federation of the USSR since its foundation in 1959 until he suddenly passed away in 1971. The SRR (the Union of Radioamateurs of Russia) on December 23, 1993 (0-24 UT) holds the Ernst Krenkel commemorative QSO Party (he was born this day 90 years ago). The object of this QSO Party is to contact on HF bands (other than WARC) as much as possible stations located above the Arctic Circle (4K2-4K4, UA, OH, SM, LA, OX, VE, KL), in Antarctic (any - KC4U, 4K1 etc) and special commemorative stations (RAEM, UPOL, R1SRR-R0SRR - they will on the air during the QSO Party). No contest- type exchange is required in this QSO Party - just send usual "RS(T), QTH, NAME". Stations located above the Arctic Circle are kindly requested to add to call signs or to RS(T) letters AAC (Above Arctic Circle). Only one CW and one SSB QSO per band are valid for this QSO Party. Each QSO gives 1 point for final score. Logs should include time, call, RS(T) - transmitted, RS(T) - received. Send them to the SRR (Box 59, Moscow 105122, Russia) not later than January 22, 1994. Entries (only all band category): multi OP - single TX, single OP, SWL. Winners in each DXCC country will recieve the SRR diplomas. Stations with world highest results will receive commemorative plaques. 73! de Dima Guskov -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! Dima E. Guskov, RX3DCX ! "Moscow Boston International Ltd." ! ! (+7 095 267 1303) ! ! ! Internet: uv3dcx@mosbos.msk.su ! Fidonet; 2:5020/223 online HAM BBS ! -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! Dima E. Guskov, RX3DCX ! "Moscow Boston International Ltd." ! ! (+7 095 267 1303) ! ! ! Internet: uv3dcx@mosbos.msk.su ! Fidonet; 2:5020/223 online HAM BBS ! ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 22 Dec 1993 02:40:28 GMT From: news.service.uci.edu!usc.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!gatech!concert!corpgate!bnrgate!bcars267!bcarh54a!news@network.ucsd.edu Subject: what was the telnet address for the ham/call database?? To: info-hams@ucsd.edu Re: what was the telnet address for the ham/call database?? Any Suggestions on how to access the ham callsign database from a MAC? Ken. VE3KKN krpennell@bnr.ca ------------------------------ End of Info-Hams Digest V93 #1500 ****************************** ******************************