120 Preparation for Mailing
121 Packaging
Exhibit 121 SAFE TRANSIT TEST
NATIONAL SAFE TRANSIT ASSOCIATION (NSTA) TEST PROCEDURE PROJECT 1A
A. INTRODUCTION
1.Scope. This procedure covers testing of packaged-products weighing under
100 pounds when prepared for shipment. The BASIC requirements of this
procedure consist of vibration and drop tests--which must be performed in
that sequence.
2.Frequency of the Complete Test Cycle. In order to maintain its certified
status and eligibility for identification with the Safe Transit Seal, each
packaged-product must be retested whenever a change is made in either the
product or the package. Changes in the packaged-product include changes
in the design, size and/or material. As a quality control procedure,
packaged-products should be retested as frequently as feasible.
B. TESTS
1.Vibration Test
a.Test equipment complying with ASTM D-999.
(1)Vibration tester operating with synchronous motion and with a
total excursion of one (1) inch.
(2)Tachometer or speed indicator for determining shaft RPM.
(3)Stop watch.
(4)Metal shim 1/16" thick approximately two (2) inches wide.
b.Test Procedure
Step
1.Place the packaged-product on the table of the vibration tester
in the position in which it is normally shipped. Fences may be
attached when required to prevent excessive rocking or movement
on the table.
2.Set the vibration frequency at the minimum speed sufficient to
cause the packaged-product to leave the table momentarily so that
the shim may be inserted at least four (4) inches between the
bottom of the packaged-product and the surface of the table.
The piece of metal should be capable of being intermittently
moved along one entire edge of the longest dimension of the
packaged-product.
3.Vibrate the packaged-product for a total of 14,200 vibratory
impacts. (The total duration of the test time in minutes to meet
this requirement is determined by dividing 14,200 by the cycles
per minute frequency set in accordance with Step 2 above.) A
single 90 horizontal rotation should be effected after 1/2 of
the vibration has been accomplished. If a single 90 horizontal
rotation is impractical because of the size of the
packaged-product, a 180 horizontal rotation is permissible.
4.Inspect the exterior of the container for visible damage. Check
for looseness of product or components. (When practical, inspect
the product and then reclose the container.)
2.Drop Test
a.Test equipment complying with ASTM D-775 and D-880; and TAPPI T-801
and T-802.
(1)Drop tester, or hoist with suitable sling and tripping device.
(Surface on which packaged-product is to be dropped must provide
a flat, firm, nonyielding base such as steel, concrete, etc.)
(2)Incline impact tester, alternative equipment for
packaged-products weighing between 61 and 100 pounds.
b.Test Procedure
Step
1.With the packaged-product in its normal shipping position, face
one end of the container and identify the surfaces as follows:
top as one;
right side as two;
bottom as three;
left side as four;
near end as five;
far end as six.
2.Identify edges by the numbers of those two surfaces forming that
edge. For example, the edge formed by the top and the right side
is identified as 1-2.
3.Identify corners by the numbers of those three surfaces which
meet to form that corner. For example, the corner formed by the
right side, bottom, and near end is identified as 2-3-5.
4.The drop height shall be as follows:
(1)Packaged-product less than 61 pounds.
NO ALTERNATIVE.
1 Thru 20 Pounds--30 inches
21 Thru 40 Pounds--24 inches
41 Thru 60 Pounds--18 inches
61 to 100 Pounds--12 inches
(2)Packaged-product, 61 pounds and over, but under 100
pounds--12 inches. As an alternative when the
packaged-product's configuration is such that dropping is
impractical, ten (10) incline impacts into the first (1st)
quarter of the fifth (5th) zone may be performed in lieu of
12" drops. The impact sequence is delineated under Step 5.
5.Drop or impact the packaged-product as specified under Step 4 in
the following sequence:
(1)the 2-3-5 corner.
(2)the shortest edge radiating from that corner.
(3)the next longest edge radiating from that corner.
(4)the longest edge radiating from that corner.
(5)flat on one of the smallest faces.
(6)flat on the opposite small face.
(7)flat on one of the medium faces.
(8)flat on the opposite medium face.
(9)flat on one of the largest faces.
(10)flat on the opposite large face.
6.Inspect both the package and the product. The packaged-product
shall be considered to have satisfactorily passed the test if,
upon examination, the product is free from damage and the
container still affords reasonable protection to the contents.
C. REPORT
1.NSTA Certified Laboratory Test Report forms are made available to
participants in the National Safe Transit Program. When completing the
form, the following supplementary information should be specifically
reported:
a.Description of the product under test including model designation or
other specific means of product identification.
b.Dimensions of the container under test; its structural
specifications; kind of material; description of blocking and
cushioning; spacing, size and type of fastenings; method of closing
and strapping, if used; the gross weight; and special package
numbers, when applicable.
c.If package is preconditioned, please report at what temperature and
relative humidity that this was done in the comments section of the
test report.
2.The original test report should be forwarded to: NATIONAL SAFE TRANSIT
ASSOCIATION, 5940 W TOUHY AVE, CHICAGO IL 60648-4610.
121.1 Packaging Adequacy.
Articles accepted for mailing must be prepared according to the general
criteria and regulations specified herein. The Postal Service accepts
properly packaged and marked parcels but reserves the right to refuse
nonmailable or improperly packaged articles or substances. Other regulations
concerning packaging and mailability are in 124 for articles mailable
under special rules, 125 for overseas military post offices, and the
International Mail Manual (IMM) for international mail. Regulations
pertaining to individual classes are contained in the chapters devoted to
those classes of mail.
121.2 Definitions
121.21 Types of Loads.
In the transportation industry, there are three types of loads. They are
determined by the contents, degree of protection, and the strength of the
package. The types of loads are the following:
a. An EASY LOAD.
Items of moderate density which completely fill the container, or items
packaged in interior containers which completely fill the outer mailing
container. Easy loads are not readily damaged by puncture or shock and do not
shift or otherwise move within the package or present a hazard to other
parcels.
b. An AVERAGE LOAD.
Moderately concentrated items, which are packed directly into a shipping
container or which may be subjected to an intermediate stage of packing, and
which provide partial support to all surfaces of the container. Average loads
may be prepackaged by nesting items within partitions or in separate
paperboard boxes. This tends to stabilize items to prevent shifting and
damage to them and the container.
c. A DIFFICULT LOAD.
Items which require a high degree of protection to prevent puncture, shock,
or distortion either to themselves or the package. Fragile items, delicate
instruments, high-density, small-bulk items, etc., which do not support the
mailing container are not acceptable in paperboard boxes or bags or wraps of
any type.
121.22 Other Guidance.
Publication 2, How to Pack and Wrap Parcels for Mailing, may be
helpful. It is free to the public and should be available at local post
offices. Particular attention should be given to the packaging of mailable
products that have the potential to injure the person opening the parcel.
Because small children may gain unauthorized access to parcels, it is
recommended that potentially harmful products be enclosed in containers that
are difficult for small children to open.
121.3 Packaging for Mailing
Exhibit 121.3a
(NOT SHOWN)
Exhibit 121.3b
(NOT SHOWN)
Exhibit 121.3c
NOT SHOWN)
Exhibit 121.3d
(NOT SHOWN)
Exhibit 121.3e
(NOT SHOWN)
Exhibit 121.3f
(NOT SHOWN)
121.31 Preservation.
The mailer must package the contents of a shipment to prevent deterioration
or degradation. The airline carriers and many company managers practice
preshipment testing to determine the effectiveness of their packaging, as well
as the durability and the quality of their product. The mailer should know
the characteristics of the item he is mailing, the transit time, and the
mailhandling and transportation environment. Postmasters and account
representatives should advise customers on service and transit times. The
National Safe Transit Association (NSTA) Test Procedure Project 1A is
recommended for a customer's evaluation of his package (see Exhibit
121).
121.32 Acceptable Containers
121.321 Boxes
a.
Paperboard boxes, similar to suit boxes, are acceptable for easy and
average loads up to 10 pounds.
b.
Metal-stayed paperboard boxes are acceptable for easy and average loads up
to 20 pounds.
c.
Solid and corrugated fiberboard boxes are acceptable up to the following
weight and size limits, unless otherwise specified. (See 121.5,
124.63e, and 125.12.) The grade of the box is noted in
the circular or rectangular boxmaker's certificate which lists the gross
weight and size limits for easy and average loads. The first maximum reached,
whether size or weight, must govern the grade of the box used.
Table for DMM 121.321c
Maximum lb. weight of Maximum
box and contents length
Easy andDifficult& girth in
Gradeavg. loadsloadsinches
125200--067
1754020100
2006545108
2757065108
350--70108
d.
Wood, metal, or plastic boxes are acceptable for all types of loads,
depending on the adequacy of construction, ability to withstand shock and
pressure, and potential to damage other items.
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(SC,51,4)
National Safe Transit Association (NSTA)
Test Procedure Project 1A
A. INTRODUCTION
1.Scope. This procedure covers the testing of
packaged-products weighing less than 100 pounds when prepared for shipment.
The BASIC requirements consist of vibration and drop tests--which must be
performed in that sequence.
2.Frequency of the Complete Test Cycle. In order to
maintain its certified status and eligibility for identification with the Safe
Transit Seal, each packaged-product must be retested whenever a change is made
in either the product or the package. Changes in the packaged-product include
changes in the design, size and/or material. As a quality control procedure,
packaged-products should be retested as frequently as feasible.
B. TESTS
1.Vibration Test
a.Test equipment complying with ASTM D-999.
(1)Vibration tester operating with synchronous motion and with
a total excursion of one (1) inch.
(2)Tachometer or speed indicator for determining shaft RPM.
(3)Stop watch.
(4)Metal shim 1/16 inch thick approximately two (2) inches wide.
b.Test Procedure Steps:
(1)Place the packaged-product on the table of the vibration
tester in the position in which it is normally shipped. Fences
may be attached when required to prevent excessive rocking or
movement on the table.
(2)Set the vibration frequency at the minimum speed sufficient
to
cause the packaged-product to leave the table momentarily so that
the shim may be inserted at least four (4) inches between the
bottom of the packaged-product and the surface of the table.
The piece of metal should be capable of being intermittently
moved along one entire edge of the longest dimension of the
packaged-product.
(3)Vibrate the packaged-product for a total of 14,200 vibratory
impacts. (The total duration of the test time in minutes to meet
this requirement is determined by dividing 14,200 by the cycles
per minute frequency set in accordance with Step 2 above.) A
single 90-degree horizontal rotation should be effected after 1/2
of the vibration has been accomplished. If a single 90-degree
horizontal rotation is impractical because of the size of the
packaged-product, a 180-degree horizontal rotation is
permissible.
(4)Inspect the exterior of the container for visible damage.
Check for looseness of product or components. (When practical,
inspect the product and then reclose the container.)
2.Drop Test
a.Test equipment complying with ASTM D-775 and D-880; and
TAPPI T-801 and T-802.
(1)Drop tester, or hoist with suitable sling and tripping device.
(Surface on which packaged-product is to be dropped must provide
a flat, firm, nonyielding base such as steel, concrete, etc.)
(2)Incline impact tester, alternative equipment for
packaged-products weighing between 61 and 100 pounds.
b.Test Procedure Steps
(1)With the packaged-product in its normal shipping position, face
one end of the container and identify the surfaces as follows:
top as one; right side as two; bottom as three; left side as
four; near end as five; far end as six.
(2)Identify edges by the numbers of those two surfaces forming
that edge. For example, the edge formed by the top and the right
side is identified as 1-2.
(3)Identify corners by the numbers of those three surfaces which
meet to form that corner. For example, the corner formed by the
right side, bottom, and near end is identified as 2-3-5.
(4)The drop height shall be as follows:
(a)Packaged-product less than 61 pounds. NO ALTERNATIVE.
1 Thru 20 Pounds--30 inches;
21 Thru 40 Pounds--24 inches;
41 Thru 60 Pounds--18 inches;
61 to 100 Pounds--12 inches
(b)Packaged-product, 61 pounds and over, but under 100
pounds--12 inches. As an alternative when the
packaged-product's configuration is such that dropping is
impractical, ten (10) incline impacts into the first (1st)
quarter of the fifth (5th) zone may be performed in lieu of
12" drops. The impact sequence is delineated under Step 5.
(5)Drop or impact the packaged-product as specified under Step 4 in
the following sequence:
(a)the 2-3-5 corner.
(b)the shortest edge radiating from that corner.
(c)the next longest edge radiating from that corner.
(d)the longest edge radiating from that corner.
(e)flat on one of the smallest faces.
(f)flat on the opposite small face.
(g)flat on one of the medium faces.
(h)flat on the opposite medium face.
(i)flat on one of the largest faces.
(j)flat on the opposite large face.
(6)Inspect both the package and the product. The packaged-product
shall be considered to have satisfactorily passed the test if,
upon examination, the product is free from damage and the
container still affords reasonable protection to the contents.
C. REPORT
1.NSTA Certified Laboratory Test Report forms are made available to
participants in the National Safe Transit Program. When completing the
form, the following supplementary information should be specifically
reported:
a.Description of the product under test including model
designation or other specific means of product identification.
b.Dimensions of the container under test; its structural
specifications; kind of material; description of blocking and
cushioning; spacing, size and type of fastenings; method of closing
and strapping, if used; the gross weight; and special package
numbers, when applicable.
c.If package is preconditioned, please report at what temperature
and
relative humidity that this was done in the comments section of the
test report.
2.The original test report should be forwarded to: NATIONAL SAFE
TRANSIT ASSOCIATION, 5940 W TOUHY AVE, CHICAGO IL 60648-4610.
Exhibit 121, Safe Transit Test]
e.
The size of the box must be adequate to contain the items and provide
enough extra space for cushioning material. If the box is too large and the
load is not properly blocked and cushioned, the contents can shift in transit.
If it is too small, the cushioning may not be effective and container failure
is likely to occur.
f.
Good, rigid, used boxes with all flaps intact are acceptable. If a box of
the desired size cannot be found, a larger one may be cut down as shown in
Exhibit 121.3a. *viewer dmm101.pcx* Bend the four sides over the
articles which have been cushioned in the box and close and band as in Exhibit
121.3e. *viewer dmm105.pcx* Exhibit 121.3b *viewer dmm102.pcx*
shows a method of making an acceptable container by using two boxes of
the same general dimensions from which the flaps have been removed.
g.
Boxes with difficult loads to out-of-town destinations must be reinforced
with banding about every 8 inches in each of the two directions around the
package.
121.322 Outside Wraps for Boxes.
It is preferable that paper wrappers be omitted, if the box itself
constitutes an adequate shipping container. However, wrapping paper
equivalent to a regular large grocery bag, 60-pound basis weight, may be used
as an outside cover for boxes. Closure and reinforcement should be made by
the use of tape (see 121.4).
121.323 Bags, Bales, Bundles, and Wraps.
Bags, bales, bundles, and wraps must not be accepted with difficult loads.
The contents in bags, bales, bundles, and wraps must be compressed whenever
possible.
a.
Paper bags and wraps are acceptable for easy loads of up to 5 pounds when
they are at least 50-pound basis weight, the strength of an average large
grocery bag, and the items are immune from impact or pressure damage. A
combination of plies adding up to or exceeding 50-pound basis weight is not
acceptable. Reinforced bags or bags with a minimum of 70-pound basis weight
are acceptable for easy and average loads of up to 20 pounds. Nonreinforced
loose-fill padded bags are not acceptable as exterior containers, except when
the exterior ply is at least 60-pound basis weight.
b.
Plastic bags must, as a minimum, be at least 2-mil thick polyethylene or
equivalent for easy loads up to 5 pounds and 4 mils thick for easy loads up to
l0 pounds. Experience indicates that plastic bags, which stretch and resist
puncturing, are more durable than most nonreinforced paper bags and provide a
high degree of waterproofness. However, avoid the ordinary plastic bag
without the above strength characteristics.
c.
Heat-shrinkable plastic film--either irradiated polyethylene, linear
low-density polyolefin, or copolymer--must be at least 3/4 millimeter (mm)
thick for an easy load up to 5 pounds, and 1-1/4 mm thick for an average load
up to 5 pounds. When requested, mailers must furnish documentation that these
types of film are being used for mailing.
d.
Cloth bags are acceptable for easy and average loads of up to 10 pounds,
provided their seams are equivalent in strength to the basic material.
e.
Bales and bundles are acceptable within postal weight limits, provided they
are adequately compressed and reinforced to contain the material.
]
DMM101Exhibit 121.3a, How to Cut Down a Box]
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DMM102Exhibit 121.3b, How to Make an Acceptable
Container From Two Boxes]
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DMM103Exhibit 121.3c, Cushioning]
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DMM104Exhibit 121.3d, Cushioning]
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DMM105Exhibit 121.3e, Adequate Closure]
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DMM106Exhibit 121.3f, Banding]
121.324 Envelopes.
Envelopes may be used as containers for articles when the package can
reasonably be expected to be processed and delivered without damage to the
contents or other mail.
a. Letter-Style Envelopes.
Letter-style envelopes are nongusseted, flat envelopes which meet the
requirements of 128.2. Envelopes of this type are acceptable as
containers for nonrigid stationery and material of a similar nature, up to 1
pound in weight and 1 inch in thickness (see 124.47).
b. Other Envelopes.
Envelopes exceeding the size and weight described above are acceptable for
easy loads up to 5 pounds when they are made from envelope paper equivalent to
28 substance weight or greater, or are made from extra-strength materials with
a Mullen strength in excess of 90 pounds per square inch. Envelopes designed
as photographic film mailers or gusseted (three dimensional) envelopes are
acceptable when they are made from envelope paper equivalent to 24 substance
weight or greater. Envelopes may be used as containers for odd-shaped items
mailed at the bulk third-class rate, provided the piece satisfies the
requirements for that class of mail (see Chapter 6). Such items
should be placed in suitable packages which can effectively contain the
contents.
121.325 Fiberboard Tubes and Similar Long Packages.
Fiberboard tubes and similar long packages are acceptable, providing their
length does not exceed 10 times their girth. As a minimum, the strength of
the tube ends must be equal to the tube sidewall strength, except when the
contents are lightweight, rolled items. In any event, sidewall strength is
equal to solid fiberboard 1/16 inch thick for tubes under 18 inches long, 3/32
inch thick for tubes 18 to 32 inches long, and 5/32 inch thick for tubes over
32 inches long. Crimped or taped end closures are not acceptable for other
than lightweight rolled items. Tape must completely encircle the seams on
friction slide closures of mailing tubes.
121.326 Cans and Drums.
Cans and drums are acceptable with positive closures. Generally, friction
closures by themselves are not acceptable. Protruding devices, such as
locking rings, must be shielded by padding to prevent injury to postal
employees, equipment, or other mail.
121.33 Cushioning
121.331
Cushioning absorbs and distributes forces caused by shock and vibration.
Examples of cushioning materials are foamed plastics, rubberized hair,
corrugated fiberboard, and loose-fill material, such as polystyrene,
excelsior, and shredded newspapers. Exhibit 121.3c *viewer dmm103.pcx*
and Exhibit 121.3d *viewer dmm104.pcx* show ways of using
cushioning material for packaging odd-shaped items, picture frames, fragile
ceramic articles, and electronic equipment.
121.332
Loose-fill cushioning must overfill the container prior to closure to hold
the item and prevent its movement to an outside surface of the container or to
other items in the package, but the cushioning should not distort the
container. Combinations of several types of cushioning, such as corrugated
fiberboard pads and less-dense, loose-fill material are most effective in
force distribution. Shock and pressure forces must be dissipated over as much
of the surface of the item as possible.
121.333
When several items are within a package, they must be protected from each
other as well as from external forces. Concentrated heavy items must not be
packaged with fragile items unless extreme care is exercised to separate the
items from each other. Heavy items must be adequately stabilized (see Exhibit
121.3c*viewer dmm103.pcx* ).
121.34 Closure, Sealing, and Reinforcement
121.341 General.
Closure and reinforcement of packages are primary considerations in the
preparation and acceptability of any parcel. The principal methods of closure
and reinforcement employ gummed and pressure-sensitive tapes, adhesives,
strapping, staples for boxes and bags, and various friction closures, screw
caps, and locking devices for cans and similar containers.
121.342 Tape
a.
Tape is used for closure, sealing, and reinforcement of containers.
Cellophane and masking tape may not be used for closure or reinforcement of
packages, but may be used to augment adhesive closures on envelopes or to
cover staples on bags. Pressure-sensitive, filament reinforced tape, or
reinforced paper tape is recommended for closure and reinforcement.
b.
Paper tape must be at least 60-pound basis weight kraft. This tape is
widely used for closure and sealing but is not adequate for reinforcement.
Reinforced kraft paper tape is considerably more durable than plain kraft tape
and takes less time and tape for an equal closure. The adhesives on gummed
tapes must be adequately activated prior to application and firmly applied
with the tape extending at least 3 inches over the adjoining side of the box.
Improper application results when the gummed adhesive is not activated or when
the water is absorbed by the fibrous container. Adequate activation must be
assumed if the tape remains attached to the container during handling and
transportation and if at least 50% fiber tear occurs on the surface to which
the tape is applied or if the tape delaminates during removal. The tape must
be kept from freezing for at least 1 hour. Care should be taken when
extremely cold temperatures are anticipated. Even properly applied gummed
tapes tend to crack under these conditions.
c.
Pressure-sensitive tapes come with various paper, cloth, or plastic
backings, both plain and reinforced, and may be readily applied on a clean
surface at any temperature above freezing. Application, especially in
below-freezing temperature, requires that the tape be rubbed down well to
ensure adhesion. Pressure-sensitive tape should be used on the container in
the same way as gummed tapes.
d.
Exhibit 121.3e *viewer dmm105.pcx* shows proper methods of
applying reinforced paper tapes and reinforced pressure-sensitive tapes.
Tapes can also be used to close other types of packages not illustrated,
including those of irregular shapes and soft-wrapped items. Packages properly
closed with reinforced tape are substantially stronger than are parcels closed
with nonreinforced paper tape. Except for pressure-sensitive filament tape,
tapes used for closure and reinforcement may not be less than 2 inches wide.
Nonreinforced plastic tapes must be at least as strong in the cross direction
as in the machine (long) direction.
121.343 Adhesive.
Adhesive is a general term covering cement, glue, mucilage, paste, cold
emulsion, thermal plastic, etc. Adhesive used for closure must be assumed to
have been adequate if at least 50% fiber tear occurs on the surface to which
the adhesive was applied. Adhesives used for closure on box flaps or on tapes
must remain serviceable in temperatures from minus 20 degrees Fahrenheit to
plus 160 degrees Fahrenheit. It is recommended that an adhesive cover at
least 50% of the box flaps and be applied not more than 1/4 inch from the ends
of the box flaps. Alternatively, four strips of hot-melt adhesive may be used
on each portion of the box flap where the outer flap overlays the inner flap.
Each strip must be 3/16 inch wide after compression. Strips must be a maximum
1-1/2 inches apart, with the first strip no more than 1/2 inch from the center
seam. All strips must be the full width of the inner flap, or hot-melt
adhesive should be applied to 25% of the area where the outer flap overlays
the inner flap.
121.344 Banding.
When banding is used for closure and reinforcement, it must encircle the
length and girth of the package at least once. Although it is preferred that
twine and cord not be used for closure and reinforcement, if used, they must
be at least 20-pound tensile strength and must be secured at an intersection
at least once on each side. Strapping includes both metallic and nonmetallic
banding and pressure-sensitive filament tape. Loose strapping, especially
metal, is not acceptable because it constitutes a hazard to employees and
equipment and does not reinforce the container. It is preferred that flat
steel strapping have smooth or plastic-coated edges.
121.345 Staples and Steel Stitching.
Staples and steel stitching are acceptable, providing they are spaced not
more than 5 inches apart for easy and average loads and 2-1/2 inches apart for
difficult loads and not more than 1-1/4 inches from the ends of the box.
Boxes that do not meet these requirements may be made acceptable by
application of a strip of 3-inch-wide reinforced tape in the gap between the
staples or by strapping to compensate for the gap in the staple closure.
Exhibit 121.3f *viewer dmm106.pcx* shows banding-augmented staple
closures. Improperly clinched staples in flats, envelopes, and cards are not
acceptable.
121.4 Marking
Exhibit 121.4
(NOT SHOWN)
121.41 General
a.
Marking by the mailer must be by a material which is not readily water
soluble nor which can be easily rubbed off or smeared. The marking must be
sharp and clear at a distance of 30 inches. It is recommended that the name
and address of the sender and addressee also be inserted within the package to
aid in delivery, in case the address on the package is defaced.
b.
Restricted articles shall be marked and labeled under 124.2.
121.42 Special Markings.
Special markings as identified shall be placed in an area below the postage
and above the name of the addressee.
a.
"Fragile" markings shall only be applied to any package containing delicate
items such as glass and electrical appliances. Identification of contents is
not required.
b.
"Perishable" markings must be applied to any package containing items which
can degrade or decompose rapidly such as meat, produce, plants, or certain
chemical samples.
c.
Handling markings, such as "Do Not Bend." shall be used only when contents
are protected with stiffeners.
d.
Markings implying expedited handling, such as "Rush; Do Not Delay," shall
not be used on any package except those intended for shipment as special
delivery or special handling mail.
e.
Unauthorized markings which do not designate the address, nature of
contents, or handling are not permitted. Obsolete markings are unauthorized
and must be obliterated. Containers improperly identified as to contents are
not acceptable; e.g., a box marked as containing art supplies which contains
flammable liquid. Extraneous information, such as order numbers, which can be
confused with ZIP Codes, are not permitted adjacent to or immediately under
the last line of the address.
121.43 Marking Surfaces.
Marking methods or surfaces must be of such a type as to permit application
and retention of adhesive stamps, postage meter impressions, and postal
endorsements made by hand stamp, ballpoint pen, or Number 2 pencil. Address
labels, and particularly envelopes, must be firmly sealed to containers,
especially boxes, with no more than 1/8 inch separation between the ends of
the envelope and containers. Mailings which do not meet these requirements
must be rejected if they have caused mail-processing problems in the past.
]
DMM110Exhibit 121.4, Marking for Special
Services]
121.44 Marking for Special Services.
All markings for special services must be placed above the address and to
the right of the return address on all articles (see Exhibit 121.4 *viewer
dmm110.pcx* ). This requirement applies to endorsements for registered,
insured, certified, and COD service, as well as endorsements for special
delivery, restricted delivery, and return receipt requested.
121.5 Mailability
Exhibit 121.5
(NOT SHOWN)
121.51 Acceptability.
Acceptability of packaging is a principal criterion of mailability. No
item shall be packaged so that its contents may harm personnel, equipment, or
other mail. Fragile items must be packaged to withstand the mail-processing
and transportation environment. Heavy items must be braced and cushioned to
prevent damage to other mail. Some general classes of items which cause a
continuing problem due to packaging deficiencies are described in this
section. Further information may be obtained from parcel post window clerks,
dock foremen, and mailing requirements personnel. Requests for exceptions to
the prohibitions set forth herein shall be submitted for a ruling to the rates
and classification center.
121.52 Stationery.
Stationery-type items constitute a major source of "loose-in-the-mail"
items. Problems occur because of unrestrained, concentrated, or shifting
contents, and the use of containers, internal packaging, closures, and
reinforcements which are inadequate. Stationery-type items exceeding 1 inch
in depth or 1 pound in weight are not accepted in letter-style envelopes. The
contents of these packages must be unitized by tying or banding or through the
use of partitions on close-fitting interior containers to prevent shifting.
Exhibit 121.5 *viewer dmm115.pcx* gives several examples of
unitizing this type material.
]
DMM115Exhibit 121.5, Unitizing Packages]
121.53 Liquids.
Liquids, particularly gallon containers with friction-top closures, are a
source of loss and damage to other mail and postal equipment. As a general
rule, containers of liquid with only friction-top closures are not acceptable.
Screw caps, soldering, clips, or other means must be employed to effect
closure. Glass and other breakable containers of liquid with a capacity of
over 4 fluid ounces must be cushioned with an absorbent material sufficient to
take up all leakage in case of breakage inside a sealed, waterproof container.
Containers of liquid with a capacity of over 32 fluid ounces shall not be
acceptable for mailing unless cushioned as above and packaged within another
sealed, waterproof container, such as a can or plastic bag. The outer shipping
container must be of sufficient strength to provide physical protection to the
contents and shall be marked to indicate the liquid nature of the contents.
However, steel pails and drums with carrying handles and positive closures,
such as locking rings or recessed spouts under screw-cap closures, may be
accepted without additional packing. Exceptions to these procedures must be
submitted for a mailability ruling as prescribed in 124.126.
121.54 Aerosols.
Aerosol containers with inadequate friction-cap closures, or other
nonpositive means to prevent accidental discharge of contents, are a source of
loss of contents and contamination to other mail. These cans must be so
constructed as to preclude accidental discharge of contents in the mail. This
may be accomplished through the use of recessed valves, screw-thread caps,
tape closures, or other means of preventing discharge (see 124.35).
121.55 High-Density Loads.
High-density loads such as gears, machine parts, and tools are hazardous to
other mail and postal equipment. Articles of this type which weigh in excess
of 15 pounds and which are packaged so as not to exert more than 60 pounds per
square foot (.4167 pound per square inch) pressure on the smallest side of the
container are machinable.
121.56 Biological Material.
Etiologic agent preparations, clinical specimens, and biological products
must be packaged and marked under 124.38. Exhibit 121.56
*viewer dmm116.pcx* shows a proper method of packaging this
material.
121.6 Mailing Test Packages.
Packaging which does not meet the minimum requirements of this part may be
allowed in a "test" status. If the test packaging achieves acceptable
performance levels, the mailer may continue to use the packaging. Authority
to grant "test" status to mailers may be considered by the originating BMC
general manager. This decision is subject to an appeal to the rates and
classification center. Requests for interpretations of Postal Service
regulations which cannot be resolved by the accepting postmaster, BMC manager,
or customer requirements officer, are referred to the rates and classification
center. When significant deviations from existing requirements are
successful, the Office of Classification and Rates Administration must be
notified. Test status is also available for any provision under
121.7.
]
DMM116Exhibit 121.56, Packaging of Biological
Materials]
121.7 Bulk Mail System Guidelines
121.71 General.
The following guidelines apply to all pieces of any class of mail which are
to be individually processed in the bulk mail system. The recommended
packaging materials and methods of packaging in these guidelines which are
identical with mandatory requirements in 121.32 through
121.34 and 121.4 are mandatory. Particular attention is
directed to the closure and reinforcement regulations in 121.34 and
marking regulations in 121.4. Other recommended packaging materials
and methods of packaging in these guidelines are presently optional. Those
sections of the guidelines which are the same as or similar to the preceding
mandatory requirements, 121.1 through 121.5, use the verbs
"shall" or "must" for requirement, "will" for simple future, and "may" or
"should" for option.
121.72 Books
121.721 Scope.
Books, including catalogs and similar material for purposes of packaging
only and not for purposes of mail classification, are defined as any item
having 24 pages or more, fastened together along one edge between either
hardback, paperback, or self-covers. These guidelines are designed to ensure
safe handling of packages which, if the contents are unrestrained or allowed
to shift, or if inadequate containers, internal packaging, closures, and
reinforcement are used, are subject to possible damage.
121.722 Up to 5 Pounds
a.
Books exceeding 1 inch in depth or 1 pound in weight must not be accepted
in letter-style envelopes, defined as those nongusseted, flat envelopes
meeting the requirements of 128.2. Other envelopes, as defined in
121.324b, must be used.
b.
Book shipments up to 5 pounds should be packaged in close-fitting
paperboard or fiberboard boxes or padded or reinforced bags (exterior ply
minimum 60-pound basis weight) or wraps (corrugated or minimum 60-pound basis
weight paper). The container should be no less than 1/4 inch thick. The
contents of paperboard containers should support the package and should not
permit a lateral shift of the books of more than 1/2 inch. A snug-fitting
container is recommended.
c.
Closure must be accomplished by multiple friction closures (e.g., the
insertion of more than one flap or tab), completely clinched staples to avoid
handling injuries, heat-sealing, adhesives, tape, or nonmetallic banding.
Although shrink wrap is not acceptable as the only packaging for hardback
books exceeding 1 pound or 1 inch in depth, it may be used on the exterior of
otherwise acceptable containers. Shrink wrap may be used as the only method
of packaging for paperback books up to 3 pounds. Shrink-wrap material should
have a coefficient of friction of .025 to .040 on metal surfaces at 20- to
25-degree elevations.
121.723 From 5 to 10 Pounds
a.
Books in this weight range should be packaged in fiberboard boxes with a
minimum of 175-pound test board or equivalent.
b.
Closures are accomplished by the use of tape or nonmetallic banding or
adhesives. The use of reinforced tape or nonmetallic banding is adequate for
both closure and reinforcement. Nonmetallic banding must be firmly applied to
the point that the straps must be tightened until they depress the carton at
the edges in order to meet the requirements of this section.
121.724 From 10 to 25 Pounds
a.
Books in this weight range should be packaged in fiberboard boxes with a
minimum of 200-pound test board or equivalent.
b.
Closure should be as in 121.723b for the 5- to 10-pound range,
except that the container should be reinforced or banded in the direction
which provides the greatest support with reinforced paper tape, equivalent
plastic tape, pressure-sensitive filament tape, or firmly applied nonmetallic
banding. The use of reinforced tape or nonmetallic banding is adequate for
closure and reinforcement of these containers. Nonmetallic banding must be
firmly applied to the point that the straps must be tightened until they
depress the carton at the edges in order to meet the requirements of this
section.
121.725 From 25 to 50 Pounds
a.
Books in this weight range should be packaged and closed as in
121.724b for the 10- to 25-pound range, except that hardbound books
must be packaged in 275-pound test fiberboard and paperbacks must be packaged
in 200-pound test containers.
b.
Outer containers of books should be reinforced at two points to provide the
greatest support with reinforced paper or plastic tape, pressure-sensitive
filament tape, or firmly applied nonmetallic banding.
121.726 From 50 to 70 Pounds.
Hardbound books in this weight range should be packaged as in
121.725 for the 25- to 50-pound range, except that they should be
packed in fiberboard boxes with a minimum 350-pound test board or equivalent.
Paperback books must be packaged in 275-pound test fiberboard boxes.
121.727 Cushioning.
Void spaces within multiple book containers must be filled with dunnage or
otherwise stabilized to prevent shifting or damage to the contents or
container.
121.73 High-Density Items
121.731 Scope.
High-density items are defined as packages of solid objects whose weight is
comparatively high for their volume, such as hardware, machine and auto parts,
tools, and similar metal or heavy items, except books. These requirements
ensure safe handling of packages which, if the contents are unrestrained or
allowed to shift, or if inadequate containers, internal packaging, closures,
and reinforcements are used, are subject to significant damage. Articles of
this type which weigh in excess of 15 pounds and which are packaged so that
they exert no more than 60 pounds per-square-foot (.4167 pound
per-square-inch) pressure on the smallest side of the container are machinable.
121.732 From 15 to 20 Pounds
a.
These items should be packaged in fiberboard boxes constructed of a minimum
200-pound test board or equivalent wood, metal, or plastic containers.
Plastic, metal, and similar hard containers should be packaged, treated, or
otherwise prepared so that their coefficient of friction or ability to slide
on a smooth, hard surface is similar to that of a domestic-class fiberboard
box of the same appropriate size and weight.
b.
Closure should be accomplished by staples, heat-shrinking, adhesives, or
tape.
c.
Boxes without inner packing or containing loose material should be
reinforced or banded with reinforced paper or plastic tape, pressure-sensitive
filament tape, or firmly applied nonmetallic banding.
d.
Internal blocking and bracing, including the use of interior containers,
cut forms, partitions, dunnage, and liners, should be used as required so that
packages are capable of maintaining their integrity without damage to the
contents if dropped once on one of their smallest sides on a solid surface
from a height of 3 feet.
121.733 From 20 to 45 Pounds.
These items must be packaged, closed, and reinforced as above in
121.732, except that reinforcement should be by the use of
pressure-sensitive filament tape or nonmetallic banding.
121.734 From 45 to 70 Pounds.
These items must be packaged, closed, and reinforced as above in
121.733, except that exterior containers must be a minimum of
275-pound test fiberboard or equivalent.
121.74 Soft Goods
121.741 Scope.
Soft goods are defined as any textile material, normally associated with
wearing apparel, sheets, blankets, pillows and pillow cases, draperies, cloth,
dry goods, hats and fabrics, etc. These guidelines ensure safe handling of
packages which, if the containers are inadequately closed or cannot withstand
puncture, friction, or compression during normal handling operations, are
subject to significant damage.
121.742 Up to 5 Pounds
a.
Soft goods in quantities up to 5 pounds should be packaged in cloth bags,
paper bags, or wraps (outer ply minimum 50-pound basis weight), plastic bags
(minimum 2 mil thick polyethylene or equivalent strength), paperboard, or
fiberboard boxes. Boxes must be filled to capacity.
b.
Paper bags, plastic bags, or wraps should be closed or vented in a manner
to permit rapid compression of the pack.
c.
Closure of bags may be by completely clinched staples, heat-sealing,
adhesives, sewing, or tape. Improperly clinched staples must be removed to
prevent injury to handling personnel and other mail.
d.
Closure of boxes may be by staples, adhesives, tape, heat-shrinking, or
nonmetallic banding. Paper tape should be applied along all box flaps and
closure seams. Equivalent-strength plastic tape is also acceptable. Although
shrink wrapping is not acceptable as the only means of packaging, it may be
used on the exterior of otherwise acceptable boxes.
e.
When the density of soft goods is less than 4 pounds per cubic foot in
boxes, they should be reinforced in at least two of the longest directions.
121.743 From 5 to 10 Pounds
a.
Soft goods in this weight range should be packaged in cloth bags, paper
bags, or wraps (outer ply minimum 70-pound basis weight), filament reinforced
paper bags, plastic bags (minimum 4-mil thick polyethylene or equivalent
strength), or fiberboard boxes.
b.
The methods of closure of these containers should be as specified in
121.742c and 121.742d. Reinforced tape is adequate for
both closure and reinforcement.
121.744 From 10 to 20 Pounds
a.
Soft goods in this weight range should be packaged in paper bags or wraps
(minimum 70-pound basis weight paper), reinforced paper bags or cloth bags, or
fiberboard boxes with a minimum 175-pound test board or equivalent.
b.
Closure of boxes may be by staples, adhesives, reinforced paper tape, or
equivalent plastic tape, except that the container should be reinforced or
banded by the method which provides the greatest support with
pressure-sensitive filament tape or firmly applied nonmetallic banding. The
use of reinforced tape is adequate for closure and reinforcement of these
containers.
121.745 From 20 to 45 Pounds
a.
Soft goods in this weight range should be packaged as specified for the 10-
to 20-pound weight range in 121.744a, except that fiberboard
containers must be a minimum of 200-pound test board.
b.
Closure should be as specified in 121.744b. Containers should be
reinforced at two points to provide the greatest support with reinforced paper
or plastic tape, pressure-sensitive filament tape, or firmly applied
nonmetallic banding.
121.746 From 45 to 70 Pounds.
Soft goods in this weight range should be packaged, closed, and reinforced
as specified for the 20- to 45-pound range, except that fiberboard containers
must be a minimum of 275-pound test board.
121.75 Sound Recordings
121.751 Scope.
Sound recordings are defined for purposes of packaging only and not for the
purposes of mail classification as plastic, nonbreakable disc-type records,
normally 33-1/3, 45, or 78 RPM, as well as magnetic tapes, normally used in
home and auto sound-reproducing equipment. These guidelines ensure safe
handling and reduce breakage and loss of destination markings.
121.752 Records up to 10 Pounds
a.
Records in paper sleeves, paperboard, or chipboard shells must be packed in
70-pound basis weight envelopes for weights up to 3 pounds, or outer
corrugated, fiberboard containers for weights up to 10 pounds. The containers
should be no less than 1/4 inch thick.
b.
Closure should be accomplished by the use of adhesives, kraft paper tape,
equivalent plastic tape, or staples.
121.753 Records from 10 to 20 Pounds.
Multiple shell containers should be closed as in 121.752b, except
that the outer container should be reinforced in at least one direction with
reinforced paper or plastic tape, pressure-sensitive filament tape, or firmly
applied nonmetallic banding. The use of reinforced tape is adequate for
closure and reinforcement of the outer container.
121.754 Records from 20 to 40 Pounds.
Multiple shell containers must be packaged in 175-pound test fiberboard
containers or equivalent and closed and reinforced as in 121.752b,
except that the containers should be reinforced at two points with
pressure-sensitive filament or nonmetallic banding to provide the greatest
support.
121.755 Records from 40 to 70 Pounds.
Multiple shell containers up to 65 pounds must be packaged in 200-pound
test fiberboard containers or equivalent and closed and reinforced as in
121.754, except that containers must be reinforced approximately
every 8 inches around the package. Containers over 65 pounds must be
275-pound test fiberboard or equivalent.
121.76 Acceptability of Magnetic Tapes
121.761 Scope.
Tape cassettes and cartridges are a small problem because of inadequate
containers for small quantities and failure to provide internal and external
reinforcement of large quantities of tapes in a single parcel.
121.762 Tapes up to 5 Pounds
a.
Individual tapes may be packaged in plastic film wrap (minimum .00075 mil),
cushioned bags, or cushioned and packaged in paper bags with a minimum basis
weight of 60 pounds. Multiple tapes must be packed in outer fiberboard
containers or chipboard containers (minimum .022 mil).
b.
Closure must be accomplished by multiple friction closures (e.g., the
insertion of more than one flap or tab), completely clinched staples,
heat-shrinking or adhesives, or by tape. Paper tape must be a minimum of
60-pound basis weight kraft. Shrink wrapping is acceptable on the exterior of
otherwise acceptable boxes of multiple tape shipments.
121.763 Tapes from 5 to 10 Pounds.
In addition to the guidelines in 121.762, closure must be
accomplished only by the use of adhesives, tape, or staples.
121.764 Tapes from 10 to 20 Pounds.
Packaging and closure must be as in 121.763 for the 5- to 10-pound
range, except that the container should be reinforced or banded in a direction
which provides the greatest support with reinforced paper or plastic tape,
pressure-sensitive filament tape, or firmly applied nonmetallic banding. The
use of reinforced tape is adequate for closure and reinforcement of these
containers.
121.765 Tapes from 20 to 40 Pounds.
Tapes in this weight range must be packaged in fiberboard boxes of
175-pound test. Closure must be as in 121.764 for the 10- to
20-pound range, except that the container must be banded or reinforced at two
points with reinforced paper or plastic tape, pressure-sensitive filament
tape, or firmly applied nonmetallic banding, to provide the greatest support.
121.766 Tapes over 40 Pounds.
Tapes in this weight range up to 65 pounds must be packaged, closed, and
reinforced as in 121.765 for the 20- to 40-pound range, except that
fiberboard containers of at least 200-pound test board or equivalent must be
used. Containers over 65 pounds must be 275-pound test fiberboard or
equivalent.
122 Delivery Address
122.1 Requirements
122.11 General.
The purpose of an address is to indicate the specific delivery location of
a mailpiece.
122.12 Legible Address.
Mail must bear the legible address of the intended recipient on one side
only. (See 124.63a(13) for exception on live, day-old poultry.)
122.13 Address Elements.
Except as specified in 122.41 for simplified address mail in
122.9 for mail qualifying for automation-based rates, an address must
contain at least the following elements that appear in the following order:
a.
Name or identification of the intended recipient.
b.
Street and number and apartment number, or box number, or general delivery,
or rural or highway contract route designation and box number, as appropriate
(see 122.31).
c.
City and state. City is the name of the post office (the delivery post
office) serving the intended recipient.
d.
ZIP Code (5-digit or ZIP+4), where required. ZIP Codes (5-digit or ZIP+4)
are required on the following:
(1)
Presorted First-Class Mail (see 361.4).
(2)
Any mail claimed at an automation-based rate (see 514.1).
(3)
Postal cards and postcards, not mailed as Presorted First-Class Mail, which
are mailed under 322.31h, 322.31i, 322.31j or
322.32.
(4)
Second-class mail (see 429.3 and 429.625f).
(5)
Bulk third-class mail (see 629.32).
(6)
Fourth-class mail (see 761.1).
(7)
Business reply mail (see 917.525).
(8)
Merchandise return (see 919.43).
(9)
Mail sent to military addresses within the United States (see
122.82).
(10)
Penalty mail (see 137.263a(3)).
(11)
Personalized envelopes (see 141.242).
(12)
Return addresses of mail on which postage is paid by stamps precanceled by
bars only (see 143.21a).
(13)
The sender's return address, when return service is requested on
second-class mail (see 473).
122.14 Placement of Address
122.141 Letter-Size Mail
a.
The placement of the address on a letter-size mailpiece determines which
dimensions are the length and height of the piece and, consequently, may cause
the piece to be either nonmailable or nonstandard (see 127,
128, 324, 352, 353, 429.321,
and 629.2).
b.
See 322.3 regarding address placement on postcards.
c.
See 540 for address placement on mail claimed at any ZIP+4 rate.
122.142 Clear Space.
A clear space must be provided on all mail for the address, stamps,
postmarks, and postal endorsements.
122.143 Other Mail-Processing Categories.
See 122.141a for all letter-size pieces and 429.31 and
Exhibit 429.3 *viewer dmm415.pcx* for address placement on
second-class publications.
122.15 Return Address
122.151 General.
The return address contains elements corresponding to those for the
destination address (see 122.13).
122.152 Name of Sender.
The name of the sender is not required to be shown in the return address
unless specifically prescribed elsewhere in this manual. However, when the
name of the sender is not included as a part of the return address, a clear
designation, such as apartment, suite, or room number, is required in the
return address to ensure proper handling of ancillary services and/or return
of the mailpiece.
122.153 Ancillary Services.
The return address is used by the Postal Service to render ancillary
services requested by the mailer. The return address on any mailpiece bearing
a mailer endorsement for an ancillary service must identify the place to which
the mail is to be returned and at which the mailer is prepared to pay
applicable postage and fees for pieces returned or for ancillary service
provided at the mailer's request.
122.154 Required Use.
The mail listed below must bear, in legible form, the return address of the
actual sender.
a.
Mail of any class, when its return and/or address correction service is
desired (see 122.17).
b.
Official mail (see 137.27 and 137.285).
c.
Mail matter on which postage is paid by stamps bearing a precancel imprint
(see 143.171, 143.172, and 143.173).
d.
Matter bearing company permit imprints (see 145.352).
e.
Priority Mail (see 361.2).
f.
Second-class mail in envelopes or wrappers (see 429.42).
g.
Fourth-class mail (see 761.14).
h.
Registered mail (see 911.31a).
i.
Insured mail (see 913.13e).
j.
COD mail (see 914.131).
k.
Certified mail, if a return receipt is requested (see 912.44b).
l.
Express Mail, if a return receipt is requested (see 297). (Note:
The return address on the Express Mail label satisfies this requirement.)
122.155 Placement of Return Address.
See 540 for additional requirements for the placement of the
return address on any mailpieces claimed at a ZIP+4 rate.
122.16 Special Addressing Instructions.
The following mail items must be addressed under the sections listed below:
a.
Overseas military mail (see 122.8).
b.
Department of State mail (see 126.2).
c.
Window envelope mail (see 129.3).
d.
International mail (International Mail Manual 122.1).
e.
Mail claimed at any ZIP+4 rate (see 530 and 540).
f.
Mail claimed at any ZIP+4 Barcoded rate (see 530 and
550).
122.17 Endorsements.
A mailer's specific instructions for forwarding mail (see 159.2),
as well as requests for address-correction service or return (see
159.3), must appear below the sender's return address, subject to
the placement restrictions in 122.155 and 540. A return
address (see 122.15) complete with apartment, suite, or room numbers
to identify the intended delivery point in multiple delivery units, must be
used with these endorsements. On all mail, the endorsement must appear in
either the upper left corner of the address side of the piece or the upper
left corner of the addressing area of the piece, directly below the return
address. (While not a requirement, it is strongly recommended that
endorsements on letter-size mail not appear lower than 2-3/4 inches from the
bottom edge of the envelope. Endorsements in the lower 2-3/4 inches of the
envelope could result in misrouting of the piece on Postal Service automated
letter mail equipment.) Endorsements must be no smaller than 8-point type.
Endorsements and return addresses must be printed so that they read in the
same direction as the delivery address. There must be a clear space of at
least 1/4 inch both above and below the endorsement. An endorsement must
stand out clearly against its background. A reasonable degree of color
contrast (see 543 for acceptable specifications) must be maintained
between the endorsement and the background of the mailpiece. Black ink on a
white background is strongly preferred, but other color combinations may be
used. Brilliant colored envelopes and reverse printing are not permitted.
See Exhibit 159.151a through Exhibit 159.151f for specific
mailer endorsements authorized for each class of mail. Mail bearing an
endorsement that does not meet the requirements of this section and
159.151 is not acceptable for mailing.
#T198= FNT7/TABL,1,4,10/TABL,2,20,206/TABL,3,0,78/TABL,4,80,146
]
]
]
]
Examples:
a. FRANK B WHITE
2416 FRONT ST
ST LOUIS MO 63135-1234
FORWARDING & RETURN POSTAGE GUARANTEED
b. FRANK B WHITE
2416 FRONT ST
ST LOUIS MO 63135-1234
ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED
c. FRANK B WHITE
2416 FRONT ST
ST LOUIS MO 63135-1234
FORWARDING & RETURN POSTAGE GUARANTEED
ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED
d. FRANK B WHITE
2416 FRONT ST
ST LOUIS MO 63135-1234
FORWARDING & ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED
(ARTWORK NOT SHOWN)
DMM120
122.18 Retaining Mail.
At the sender's request, the delivery post office retains mail, other than
registered, insured, certified, COD, and return receipt for merchandise, for
not less than 3 days nor more than 30 days. To request a specific retention
time, the sender, in his return address, must request that mail be held.
Requests to lengthen or shorten retention periods to not less than 3 days nor
more than 30 days are honored only at the sender's request. (See
159.323 for registered, insured, certified, COD, and return receipt
for merchandise mail retention periods.)
Examples:
a.RETURN IN 3 DAYS TO:
FRANK B WHITE
2416 FRONT ST
ST LOUIS MO 63135-2134
b.RETURN IN 30 DAYS TO:
FRANK B WHITE
2416 FRONT ST
ST LOUIS MO 63135-2134
122.2 Restrictions
122.21 Dual Address--Different Lines.
Mail bearing both a street address and a post office box number on
different address lines is delivered to the address element appearing on the
line immediately above the city and state. If a ZIP Code (ZIP+4 or 5-digit)
is used, it must correspond with the address element immediately above the
city and state. These restrictions also apply to return addresses on mail
matter.
122.22 Dual Address--Same Line.
Mail bearing both a street address and a post office box number on the same
address line is delivered to the post office box. If a ZIP Code (ZIP+4 or
5-digit) is used, it must correspond with the post office box number in the
address. This type of addressing is not recommended.
Examples:
PREFERRED ADDRESS FORMAT
GRAND PRODUCTS INC
Mail will be100 MAJOR ST
delivered herePO BOX 200 MORGAN STATION
NEW YORK NY 10001-0200
GRAND PRODUCTS INC
Mail will bePO BOX 200 MORGAN STATION
delivered here100 MAJOR ST
NEW YORK NY 10045-2345
NOT RECOMMENDED
GRAND PRODUCTS INC
Mail will bePO BOX 200 100 MAJOR ST
delivered toNEW YORK NY 10001-0200
PO Box
GRAND PRODUCTS INC
Mail will be100 MAJOR ST PO BOX 200
delivered toNEW YORK NY 10001-0200
PO Box
HR3
HR5
HR6
VR5
Examples:
PREFERRED ADDRESS FORMAT
GRAND PRODUCTS INC
Mail will be100 MAJOR ST
delivered here
PO BOX 200 MORGAN STATION
NEW YORK NY 10001-0200
GRAND PRODUCTS INC
Mail will bePO BOX 200 MORGAN STATION
delivered here
100 MAJOR ST
NEW YORK NY 10045-2345
NOT RECOMMENDED
GRAND PRODUCTS INC
Mail will be
PO BOX 200 100 MAJOR ST
delivered toNEW YORK NY 10001-0200
PO Box
GRAND PRODUCTS INC
Mail will be100 MAJOR ST PO BOX 200
delivered toNEW YORK NY 10001-0200
PO Box
122.23 Dual Address.
Mail bearing the name of more than one post office in either the address or
return address is not acceptable for mailing.
122.24 Return to Point of Mailing Endorsement.
An endorsement directing return to point of mailing (postmark) must not be
honored.
122.25 Postage Placement
122.251 All Mail.
In determining placement of postage, the mailpiece must be oriented so that
the address can be read without turning the mailpiece. Permit imprints must
be located as specified in 145.22.
122.252 Letter-Size Mail.
Postage stamps and meter stamps must be placed in the upper right corner of
the address side of a letter-size mailpiece.
122.253 Other Processing Categories.
For other than letter-size mailpieces, postage stamps and meter stamps must
be placed in the upper right corner of the address side, of the address area,
or of the address label.
122.26 Automation-Based Rates.
Additional addressing restrictions may apply to mail claimed at an
automation-based rate. See 520, 530, 540, and
550.
122.3 Recommendations
122.31 Address Elements and Return Address.
The address elements in 122.13b (street and number and apartment
number, or box number, or general delivery, or rural or highway contract route
designation and box number) should be included in the address on all mail
matter to ensure delivery and to prevent nondelivery or return because of
insufficient addressing. The return address should be included on all mail.
The return address on letter-size mail (see 128.2) should be located
in the upper left corner of the address side. Other processing categories
(see 128.1) should have the return address in the upper left corner
of the address area. The return address should not be positioned below the
delivery address. It should not appear on the reverse side of a mailpiece.
Specific requirements apply to mail prepared for automation-based rates (see
520 through 550).
122.32 ZIP Code Use.
The use of ZIP Codes is recommended on all mail because they enable the
Postal Service to achieve greater reliability and efficiency in dispatch and
delivery. Although its use is voluntary, except where a ZIP+4 discount is
claimed, use of the ZIP+4 is preferred over the 5-digit ZIP Code. Mailers are
encouraged to use the ZIP+4 in their return address, as well.
122.33 Addressing Guidelines.
The Postal Service also requests that mailers follow certain addressing
guidelines that permit the efficient processing of letter-size mail on
automated optical character readers (OCRs) and barcode sorters (BCSs).
Specific requirements apply to mail prepared for automation-based rates (see
520 through 550). The address or, at a minimum, the city,
state, and ZIP Code lines of the address on letter-size mail should be located
within an imaginary rectangle (the OCR read area) on the front of the
mailpiece formed by the following boundaries:
a.
At least 1/2 inch from the left edge.
b.
At least 1/2 inch from the right edge.
c.
At least 5/8 inch from the bottom edge (bottom line of rectangle).
d.
No more than 2-3/4 inches from the bottom edge (top line of rectangle) (see
Exhibit 122.33 *viewer dmm125.pcx* ).
Exhibit 122.33 (NOT SHOWN)
]
DMM125Last Line of Address Must be
Completely Within Suggested Address Area
(Not Drawn to Scale)
Exhibit 122.33]
122.34 Other Marks.
Nonaddress printing, computer-punched holes, etc., should not be placed
within the OCR read area, alongside or below the city, state, and ZIP Code
lines of the address. Specific requirements apply to mail prepared for
automation-based rates (see 520 through 550).
122.35 Specific Delivery Information.
Unit, apartment, mail receptacle, office, or suite number should be
included in the address. Place that information at the end of the delivery
address line. If there is not enough space on this line, place it on the line
immediately above the delivery address. Mailers are encouraged to include
this information in the return address as well. Specific requirements apply
to mail prepared for automation-based rates (see 520 through
550).
122.36 Inverted Addresses.
Addresses should not be inverted (upside down). Specific requirements
apply to mail prepared for automation-based rates (see 520 through
550).
122.37 Addresses on Parcels.
See Exhibit 122.37a. *viewer dmm130.pcx*
Exhibit 122.37a
(NOT SHOWN)
]
DMM130Exhibit 122.37a]
a.
Parcels which bear address labels must have the regular postage meter
stamps affixed by accepting postal employees so that the stamps overlap the
upper right corner of the label, as shown in Exhibit 122.37b. *viewer
dmm135.pcx*
Exhibit 122.37b
(NOT SHOWN)
]
DMM135Exhibit 122.37b]
b.
Postmasters should seek the cooperation of business mailers by asking them
to affix postage in this manner. Parcels bearing address labels covering any
portion of the postage or showing other significant evidence of overlabeling
shall be withheld from dispatch or delivery and must be immediately reported
to the nearest postal inspector or postal inspector in charge.
122.38 Address Slip.
A slip should be attached to articles enclosed in parcels showing the
address of the sender and addressee.
122.39 Parallel Address.
On all mail processing categories the address should be parallel or nearly
parallel to the longest edge of the mailpiece. (See the requirement for
letter-size mail in 122.141.) Specific requirements apply to mail
prepared for automation-based rates (see 520 through 550).
122.4 Alternative Addressing Formats
122.41 Simplified Address Format
122.411 Rural Route, Highway Contract Route, and Post Office Boxholders
a.
Mail may carry the simplified address, "Postal Customer," when general
distribution is desired for the following:
(1)
Each boxholder on a rural or highway contract route.
(2)
Each family on a rural route (at any post office).
(3)
All boxholders at a post office without city or village carrier service.
b.
A more specific address such as "Rural Route Boxholder," followed by the
name of the post office and state, may be used. The use of the word "Local"
is optional. (See 122.45 for the applicability of this section to
mail under the franking privilege.)
122.412 City Routes and Post Office Boxholders
a.
The addressee's name and street address or post office box number may be
omitted from the address on pieces mailed as official matter by agencies of
the federal government, any state, county, or municipal government, and the
governments of the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and
any United States territory or possession listed in 111.2a, when
distribution is to be made to each stop or possible delivery on city carrier
routes or to each post office boxholder at a post office which has city
carrier service.
b.
If the addressee's name and address are omitted, as provided in
122.412a, one of the following forms of address must be used:
(1)
Postal Customer.
(2)
Residential Customer (delivery desired at residential addresses only).
(3)
Business Customer (delivery desired at business addresses only).
c.
Mailpieces must be prepared as prescribed by 122.413 and
640, and, as applicable, by 424.7 or 624.8.
d.
At least 10 days before the date of mailing, the mailer must furnish a
sample mailpiece and the following information to the postmaster of the entry
post office:
(1)
Proposed date of mailing.
(2)
Total number of pieces being mailed.
(3)
Method of postage payment.
(4)
Names of all city delivery post offices that are to receive part of the
mailing and the number of pieces for each office.
e.
The postmaster gives the mailer a mailing schedule that the mailer must
follow.
122.413 Preparation Requirements
a.
All pieces for the same post office must be tied, so far as practicable, in
packages of 50. A facing slip must be attached showing distribution desired,
such as rural route, city route, or post office boxholder. If the pieces are
tied in quantities other than 50 for each separation, the number of pieces
must be shown on the facing slip. Mailings sent at the Firstor third-class
carrier route presort rates must have pieces endorsed in accordance with
362.31 or 629.63. First-, second-, or third-class carrier
route presorted packages must be labeled in accordance with 367.32,
444.24, or 641.4. Walk-sequence rate pieces must be
prepared to meet the applicable requirements of 424.7 or
624.8.
b.
If selective distribution is desired, a sufficient number of pieces must be
presented to cover the route or routes selected. Show the route numbers on
the facing slips.
c.
For other than official mailings under penalty or "Postage and Fees Paid"
imprint (see 137.2), postage at the proper rate must be fully
prepaid by a method which does not require cancellation (e.g., by permit
imprints, second-class imprints, meter stamps, or by means of precanceled
stamps, precanceled stamped envelopes, or precanceled postal cards).
d.
Designations such as "Farmer," "Food Buyer," "Voter," are not permitted.
122.414 Prohibited Use.
Copies of a second-class publication bearing a simplified address cannot be
counted as subscriber or requester copies to meet the circulation requirements
of 423.121 or 423.421.
122.42 Occupant Address Format
122.421 Style of Address.
To selectively address mail to a rural route and box number without
addressing the rural customer by name, or to address mail to a specific street
number without addressing the occupant by name, or to address mail to a
specific post office box number without addressing the boxholder by name, the
following style may be used:
Postal Customer (or Occupant, Householder, Resident)
(Street and number, including apartment number,
if any, or post office box number, or rural route
and box number)
(Post Office and State and ZIP Code)
122.422 Prohibited Use.
Copies of a second-class publication bearing an occupant form of address
cannot be counted as subscriber or requester copies to meet the circulation
requirements in 423.121 or 423.421.
122.43 Exceptional Address Format
122.431 Required Formats.
Except as provided in 122.432 and 122.433, mailers have
the option to use an exceptional form of address on all mail. When using an
exceptional address, one of the address formats in Exhibit 122.431 *viewer
dmf000.pcx* must be used (except that the use of the word "Current," is
not mandatory) and it must be placed in the address block area (see
122.1, 122.2, and 122.3):
(1) JANE DOE OR CURRENT RESIDENT
street and number including apartment number, if any, or post office
box number, or rural route and box number
Post Office and State and ZIP Code
(2) JANE DOE
OR CURRENT RESIDENT
street and number including apartment number, if any, or post office box
number, or rural route and box number
Post Office and State and ZIP Code
(3) JANE DOE OR CURRENT OCCUPANT
street and number including apartment number, if any, or post office box
number, or rural route and box number
Post Office and State and ZIP Code
(4) JANE DOE
OR CURRENT OCCUPANT
street and number including apartment number, if any, or post office box
number, or rural route and box number
Post Office and State and ZIP Code
Exhibit 122.431]
122.432 Alternative Location.
Mailers who cannot accommodate the current resident/occupant information on
the first or second line of the address may use one authorized default
position. This default position is immediately above the address block.
Mailers who use an optional endorsement line must place the exceptional
address format ("Or Current Resident"/"Or Current Occupant") at least 1/2
inch, but not more than 3/4 inch, above the optional endorsement line. When
window envelopes are used with an optional endorsement line, the exceptional
address information may be printed either in the area on the insert which
shows through the window or above the window on the envelope. Mailers using
this alternative location also may reverse the order of the words, for
example, "Current Resident Or" may be used in place of "Or Current Resident."
The use of the word "Current" is not mandatory. See the examples in Exhibit
122.432 *viewer dmf000.pcx* :
Examples: (Without an Optional Endorsement Line)
(5) CURRENT RESIDENT OR
JANE DOE
street and number including apartment number, if any, or post office box
number, or rural route and box number
Post Office and State and ZIP Code
(6) CURRENT OCCUPANT OR
JANE DOE
street and number including apartment number, if any, or post office box
number, or rural route and box number
Post Office and State and ZIP Code
Examples: (With an Optional Endorsement Line)
(7) CURRENT RESIDENT OR
******************************CR10
JANE DOE
street and number including apartment number, if any, or post office box
number, or rural route and box number
Post Office and State and ZIP Code
(8) CURRENT OCCUPANT OR
******************************CR10
JANE DOE
street and number including apartment number, if any, or post office box
number, or rural route and box number
Post Office and State and ZIP Code
Exhibit 122.432]
122.433 Prohibited Uses.
The exceptional address format may not be used on the following:
a.
Express Mail.
b.
Mail which is registered, certified, insured, or has COD service.
c.
Mail bearing an address-correction service endorsement or any other type of
endorsement (see 159.151).
d.
Copies of second-class publications intended to meet the circulation
requirements of 423.121 or 423.421.
122.434 Undeliverable-As-Addressed Mailpieces
a.
Mail bearing an exceptional form of address is always delivered as
addressed and may not be forwarded. Only if the address is incorrect or
incomplete, or if the mail cannot be delivered for another reason, is it
treated as undeliverable (see 159). Undeliverable First-Class Mail
is returned to sender.
b.
The reason for nondelivery of second-class mail bearing an exceptional form
of address is provided to the publisher only when the mail is undeliverable as
addressed for reasons other than a move by the named addressee. This mail is
not returned or forwarded.
122.44 Number of Customers
122.441 Delivery Statistics File.
Delivery statistics for all carrier routes, rural routes, highway contract
routes, general delivery units, and post office box sections are included in
the Delivery Statistics File. This database is available on tape and
cartridge only for the entire nation. Hard copy files may be obtained only
for individual 3-digit or 5-digit areas. Information by regions is available
on microfiche. The information is updated monthly via transaction files and
can be ordered either with a single base file in the initial shipment or with
a base file furnished quarterly. For information on charges and an order
form, telephone 1-800-238-3150 or, in Tennessee, 1-800-233-0453. The products
can be ordered by sending a written request and appropriate payment to the
Postal Service Delivery Statistics File, National Address Information Center
(for address, see Address List in Appendices).
122.442 Information Obtained from Post Offices.
On request, postmasters must furnish, without charge, information for their
post offices as follows:
a.
Number of post office boxholders.
b.
Route numbers and number of boxholders on each rural and highway contract
route.
c.
Route numbers and number of families on each rural route.
d.
Number of families served or number of business places served within the
total delivery area or on particular carrier routes.
122.45 Mailing under Congressional Frank
122.451 Address by Name and Post Office.
Except as provided in 122.452, all mail sent under the franking
privilege must be addressed to the recipient by name and post office address.
122.452 Alternative Addressing Formats
a.
Mail sent under the franking privilege of a member of, or member-elect to,
the Congress, or a delegate, delegate-elect, resident commissioner, or
resident commissioner-elect to the House of Representatives may be addressed
under the alternative addressing formats in 122.41,
122.42, and 122.43 for delivery to customers within the
district, state, or area which he was elected to represent. A member whose
congressional district is redistricted may also send mail under his frank,
using the alternative addressing formats for delivery within any additional
area added to his district, beginning on the date the redistricting is
complete by legislative or judicial proceedings (whether or not the
redistricting is actually in effect), and continuing until his district is
again changed by further legislative or judicial proceedings. Mail with an
alternative addressing format is delivered within the district, state, or area
to any or all the following:
(1)
Each boxholder or each family on a rural or highway contact route.
(2)
Each post office boxholder.
(3)
Each stop or possible delivery on city carrier routes.
b.
The information in 122.44 is, on request, furnished for a
congressional district in those instances where a post office serves areas
which are located in more than one district.
c.
Simplified address mailings sent under the frank must be prepared as
prescribed in 122.413. Each facing slip should show the
congressional district or other area in which delivery is to be made.
d.
Representatives elected at large may send franked mail with simplified
address to postal customers within the entire state which elected the member.
122.46 Overseas Military Post Offices.
The simplified forms of address in this section are not acceptable on mail
for overseas military post offices. (See 122.81 for the proper
methods of addressing mail for overseas military post offices.)
122.5 Mailing List Services.
Postal Service correction of mailing lists is provided for in 945.
122.6 ZIP Code System
122.61 Description
122.611 General.
The ZIP Code system is a numbered coding system that facilitates the
efficient processing of mail. The most complete ZIP Code is a 9-digit number
consisting of five numbers, a hyphen, and four numbers, for which the Postal
Service has adopted the term "ZIP+4" as its trademark. The correct format for
a numeric ZIP+4 code is five numbers, a hyphen, and four numbers. When
printed on a mailpiece claimed at a ZIP+4 rate, a numeric ZIP+4 code must also
meet the requirements of 542.4. See 515.3 for the
definition of the numeric equivalent of the delivery point barcode (DPBC). A
correct DPBC numeric equivalent appears as five numbers, a hyphen, and seven
numbers. On barcoded pieces, a correct numeric DPBC equivalent satisfies the
requirement for a numeric ZIP Code. Use of the numeric equivalent of the DPBC
is allowed only on pieces in barcoded rate mailings.
122.612 Significance of Numbers in ZIP+4.
The first three digits identify the delivery area of the sectional center
facility (SCF) or major city post office serving the area in which the address
is located. The next two digits (the fourth and fifth digits) identify the
delivery area of the associate post office or branch station of the major city
post office serving the address. The sixth and seventh digits (the first two
digits following the hyphen) identify an area known as a "sector." The eighth
and ninth digits identify a smaller area known as a "segment." The final four
digits of the ZIP+4 identify specific geographic units such as these: a side
of a street between intersections, both sides of a street between
intersections, an individual building, a floor or group of floors in a large
building, a firm within a building, a span of boxes on a rural route, or a
group of post office boxes in which mail delivery is made by a single postal
employee.
122.62 Purpose.
The ZIP Code system enables the Postal Service to achieve greater accuracy,
speed, and economy in the processing and delivery of mail.