120 Preparation for Mailing 121 Packaging Exhibit 121 SAFE TRANSIT TEST NATIONAL SAFE TRANSIT ASSOCIATION (NSTA) TEST PROCEDURE PROJECT 1A A. INTRODUCTION 1.Scope. This procedure covers testing of packaged-products weighing under 100 pounds when prepared for shipment. The BASIC requirements of this procedure consist of vibration and drop tests--which must be performed in that sequence. 2.Frequency of the Complete Test Cycle. In order to maintain its certified status and eligibility for identification with the Safe Transit Seal, each packaged-product must be retested whenever a change is made in either the product or the package. Changes in the packaged-product include changes in the design, size and/or material. As a quality control procedure, packaged-products should be retested as frequently as feasible. B. TESTS 1.Vibration Test a.Test equipment complying with ASTM D-999. (1)Vibration tester operating with synchronous motion and with a total excursion of one (1) inch. (2)Tachometer or speed indicator for determining shaft RPM. (3)Stop watch. (4)Metal shim 1/16" thick approximately two (2) inches wide. b.Test Procedure Step 1.Place the packaged-product on the table of the vibration tester in the position in which it is normally shipped. Fences may be attached when required to prevent excessive rocking or movement on the table. 2.Set the vibration frequency at the minimum speed sufficient to cause the packaged-product to leave the table momentarily so that the shim may be inserted at least four (4) inches between the bottom of the packaged-product and the surface of the table. The piece of metal should be capable of being intermittently moved along one entire edge of the longest dimension of the packaged-product. 3.Vibrate the packaged-product for a total of 14,200 vibratory impacts. (The total duration of the test time in minutes to meet this requirement is determined by dividing 14,200 by the cycles per minute frequency set in accordance with Step 2 above.) A single 90 horizontal rotation should be effected after 1/2 of the vibration has been accomplished. If a single 90 horizontal rotation is impractical because of the size of the packaged-product, a 180 horizontal rotation is permissible. 4.Inspect the exterior of the container for visible damage. Check for looseness of product or components. (When practical, inspect the product and then reclose the container.) 2.Drop Test a.Test equipment complying with ASTM D-775 and D-880; and TAPPI T-801 and T-802. (1)Drop tester, or hoist with suitable sling and tripping device. (Surface on which packaged-product is to be dropped must provide a flat, firm, nonyielding base such as steel, concrete, etc.) (2)Incline impact tester, alternative equipment for packaged-products weighing between 61 and 100 pounds. b.Test Procedure Step 1.With the packaged-product in its normal shipping position, face one end of the container and identify the surfaces as follows: top as one; right side as two; bottom as three; left side as four; near end as five; far end as six. 2.Identify edges by the numbers of those two surfaces forming that edge. For example, the edge formed by the top and the right side is identified as 1-2. 3.Identify corners by the numbers of those three surfaces which meet to form that corner. For example, the corner formed by the right side, bottom, and near end is identified as 2-3-5. 4.The drop height shall be as follows: (1)Packaged-product less than 61 pounds. NO ALTERNATIVE. 1 Thru 20 Pounds--30 inches 21 Thru 40 Pounds--24 inches 41 Thru 60 Pounds--18 inches 61 to 100 Pounds--12 inches (2)Packaged-product, 61 pounds and over, but under 100 pounds--12 inches. As an alternative when the packaged-product's configuration is such that dropping is impractical, ten (10) incline impacts into the first (1st) quarter of the fifth (5th) zone may be performed in lieu of 12" drops. The impact sequence is delineated under Step 5. 5.Drop or impact the packaged-product as specified under Step 4 in the following sequence: (1)the 2-3-5 corner. (2)the shortest edge radiating from that corner. (3)the next longest edge radiating from that corner. (4)the longest edge radiating from that corner. (5)flat on one of the smallest faces. (6)flat on the opposite small face. (7)flat on one of the medium faces. (8)flat on the opposite medium face. (9)flat on one of the largest faces. (10)flat on the opposite large face. 6.Inspect both the package and the product. The packaged-product shall be considered to have satisfactorily passed the test if, upon examination, the product is free from damage and the container still affords reasonable protection to the contents. C. REPORT 1.NSTA Certified Laboratory Test Report forms are made available to participants in the National Safe Transit Program. When completing the form, the following supplementary information should be specifically reported: a.Description of the product under test including model designation or other specific means of product identification. b.Dimensions of the container under test; its structural specifications; kind of material; description of blocking and cushioning; spacing, size and type of fastenings; method of closing and strapping, if used; the gross weight; and special package numbers, when applicable. c.If package is preconditioned, please report at what temperature and relative humidity that this was done in the comments section of the test report. 2.The original test report should be forwarded to: NATIONAL SAFE TRANSIT ASSOCIATION, 5940 W TOUHY AVE, CHICAGO IL 60648-4610. 121.1 Packaging Adequacy. Articles accepted for mailing must be prepared according to the general criteria and regulations specified herein. The Postal Service accepts properly packaged and marked parcels but reserves the right to refuse nonmailable or improperly packaged articles or substances. Other regulations concerning packaging and mailability are in 124 for articles mailable under special rules, 125 for overseas military post offices, and the International Mail Manual (IMM) for international mail. Regulations pertaining to individual classes are contained in the chapters devoted to those classes of mail. 121.2 Definitions 121.21 Types of Loads. In the transportation industry, there are three types of loads. They are determined by the contents, degree of protection, and the strength of the package. The types of loads are the following: a. An EASY LOAD. Items of moderate density which completely fill the container, or items packaged in interior containers which completely fill the outer mailing container. Easy loads are not readily damaged by puncture or shock and do not shift or otherwise move within the package or present a hazard to other parcels. b. An AVERAGE LOAD. Moderately concentrated items, which are packed directly into a shipping container or which may be subjected to an intermediate stage of packing, and which provide partial support to all surfaces of the container. Average loads may be prepackaged by nesting items within partitions or in separate paperboard boxes. This tends to stabilize items to prevent shifting and damage to them and the container. c. A DIFFICULT LOAD. Items which require a high degree of protection to prevent puncture, shock, or distortion either to themselves or the package. Fragile items, delicate instruments, high-density, small-bulk items, etc., which do not support the mailing container are not acceptable in paperboard boxes or bags or wraps of any type. 121.22 Other Guidance. Publication 2, How to Pack and Wrap Parcels for Mailing, may be helpful. It is free to the public and should be available at local post offices. Particular attention should be given to the packaging of mailable products that have the potential to injure the person opening the parcel. Because small children may gain unauthorized access to parcels, it is recommended that potentially harmful products be enclosed in containers that are difficult for small children to open. 121.3 Packaging for Mailing Exhibit 121.3a (NOT SHOWN) Exhibit 121.3b (NOT SHOWN) Exhibit 121.3c NOT SHOWN) Exhibit 121.3d (NOT SHOWN) Exhibit 121.3e (NOT SHOWN) Exhibit 121.3f (NOT SHOWN) 121.31 Preservation. The mailer must package the contents of a shipment to prevent deterioration or degradation. The airline carriers and many company managers practice preshipment testing to determine the effectiveness of their packaging, as well as the durability and the quality of their product. The mailer should know the characteristics of the item he is mailing, the transit time, and the mailhandling and transportation environment. Postmasters and account representatives should advise customers on service and transit times. The National Safe Transit Association (NSTA) Test Procedure Project 1A is recommended for a customer's evaluation of his package (see Exhibit 121). 121.32 Acceptable Containers 121.321 Boxes a. Paperboard boxes, similar to suit boxes, are acceptable for easy and average loads up to 10 pounds. b. Metal-stayed paperboard boxes are acceptable for easy and average loads up to 20 pounds. c. Solid and corrugated fiberboard boxes are acceptable up to the following weight and size limits, unless otherwise specified. (See 121.5, 124.63e, and 125.12.) The grade of the box is noted in the circular or rectangular boxmaker's certificate which lists the gross weight and size limits for easy and average loads. The first maximum reached, whether size or weight, must govern the grade of the box used. Table for DMM 121.321c Maximum lb. weight of Maximum box and contents length Easy andDifficult& girth in Gradeavg. loadsloadsinches 125200--067 1754020100 2006545108 2757065108 350--70108 d. Wood, metal, or plastic boxes are acceptable for all types of loads, depending on the adequacy of construction, ability to withstand shock and pressure, and potential to damage other items. ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] (SC,51,4) National Safe Transit Association (NSTA) Test Procedure Project 1A A. INTRODUCTION 1.Scope. This procedure covers the testing of packaged-products weighing less than 100 pounds when prepared for shipment. The BASIC requirements consist of vibration and drop tests--which must be performed in that sequence. 2.Frequency of the Complete Test Cycle. In order to maintain its certified status and eligibility for identification with the Safe Transit Seal, each packaged-product must be retested whenever a change is made in either the product or the package. Changes in the packaged-product include changes in the design, size and/or material. As a quality control procedure, packaged-products should be retested as frequently as feasible. B. TESTS 1.Vibration Test a.Test equipment complying with ASTM D-999. (1)Vibration tester operating with synchronous motion and with a total excursion of one (1) inch. (2)Tachometer or speed indicator for determining shaft RPM. (3)Stop watch. (4)Metal shim 1/16 inch thick approximately two (2) inches wide. b.Test Procedure Steps: (1)Place the packaged-product on the table of the vibration tester in the position in which it is normally shipped. Fences may be attached when required to prevent excessive rocking or movement on the table. (2)Set the vibration frequency at the minimum speed sufficient to cause the packaged-product to leave the table momentarily so that the shim may be inserted at least four (4) inches between the bottom of the packaged-product and the surface of the table. The piece of metal should be capable of being intermittently moved along one entire edge of the longest dimension of the packaged-product. (3)Vibrate the packaged-product for a total of 14,200 vibratory impacts. (The total duration of the test time in minutes to meet this requirement is determined by dividing 14,200 by the cycles per minute frequency set in accordance with Step 2 above.) A single 90-degree horizontal rotation should be effected after 1/2 of the vibration has been accomplished. If a single 90-degree horizontal rotation is impractical because of the size of the packaged-product, a 180-degree horizontal rotation is permissible. (4)Inspect the exterior of the container for visible damage. Check for looseness of product or components. (When practical, inspect the product and then reclose the container.) 2.Drop Test a.Test equipment complying with ASTM D-775 and D-880; and TAPPI T-801 and T-802. (1)Drop tester, or hoist with suitable sling and tripping device. (Surface on which packaged-product is to be dropped must provide a flat, firm, nonyielding base such as steel, concrete, etc.) (2)Incline impact tester, alternative equipment for packaged-products weighing between 61 and 100 pounds. b.Test Procedure Steps (1)With the packaged-product in its normal shipping position, face one end of the container and identify the surfaces as follows: top as one; right side as two; bottom as three; left side as four; near end as five; far end as six. (2)Identify edges by the numbers of those two surfaces forming that edge. For example, the edge formed by the top and the right side is identified as 1-2. (3)Identify corners by the numbers of those three surfaces which meet to form that corner. For example, the corner formed by the right side, bottom, and near end is identified as 2-3-5. (4)The drop height shall be as follows: (a)Packaged-product less than 61 pounds. NO ALTERNATIVE. 1 Thru 20 Pounds--30 inches; 21 Thru 40 Pounds--24 inches; 41 Thru 60 Pounds--18 inches; 61 to 100 Pounds--12 inches (b)Packaged-product, 61 pounds and over, but under 100 pounds--12 inches. As an alternative when the packaged-product's configuration is such that dropping is impractical, ten (10) incline impacts into the first (1st) quarter of the fifth (5th) zone may be performed in lieu of 12" drops. The impact sequence is delineated under Step 5. (5)Drop or impact the packaged-product as specified under Step 4 in the following sequence: (a)the 2-3-5 corner. (b)the shortest edge radiating from that corner. (c)the next longest edge radiating from that corner. (d)the longest edge radiating from that corner. (e)flat on one of the smallest faces. (f)flat on the opposite small face. (g)flat on one of the medium faces. (h)flat on the opposite medium face. (i)flat on one of the largest faces. (j)flat on the opposite large face. (6)Inspect both the package and the product. The packaged-product shall be considered to have satisfactorily passed the test if, upon examination, the product is free from damage and the container still affords reasonable protection to the contents. C. REPORT 1.NSTA Certified Laboratory Test Report forms are made available to participants in the National Safe Transit Program. When completing the form, the following supplementary information should be specifically reported: a.Description of the product under test including model designation or other specific means of product identification. b.Dimensions of the container under test; its structural specifications; kind of material; description of blocking and cushioning; spacing, size and type of fastenings; method of closing and strapping, if used; the gross weight; and special package numbers, when applicable. c.If package is preconditioned, please report at what temperature and relative humidity that this was done in the comments section of the test report. 2.The original test report should be forwarded to: NATIONAL SAFE TRANSIT ASSOCIATION, 5940 W TOUHY AVE, CHICAGO IL 60648-4610. Exhibit 121, Safe Transit Test] e. The size of the box must be adequate to contain the items and provide enough extra space for cushioning material. If the box is too large and the load is not properly blocked and cushioned, the contents can shift in transit. If it is too small, the cushioning may not be effective and container failure is likely to occur. f. Good, rigid, used boxes with all flaps intact are acceptable. If a box of the desired size cannot be found, a larger one may be cut down as shown in Exhibit 121.3a. *viewer dmm101.pcx* Bend the four sides over the articles which have been cushioned in the box and close and band as in Exhibit 121.3e. *viewer dmm105.pcx* Exhibit 121.3b *viewer dmm102.pcx* shows a method of making an acceptable container by using two boxes of the same general dimensions from which the flaps have been removed. g. Boxes with difficult loads to out-of-town destinations must be reinforced with banding about every 8 inches in each of the two directions around the package. 121.322 Outside Wraps for Boxes. It is preferable that paper wrappers be omitted, if the box itself constitutes an adequate shipping container. However, wrapping paper equivalent to a regular large grocery bag, 60-pound basis weight, may be used as an outside cover for boxes. Closure and reinforcement should be made by the use of tape (see 121.4). 121.323 Bags, Bales, Bundles, and Wraps. Bags, bales, bundles, and wraps must not be accepted with difficult loads. The contents in bags, bales, bundles, and wraps must be compressed whenever possible. a. Paper bags and wraps are acceptable for easy loads of up to 5 pounds when they are at least 50-pound basis weight, the strength of an average large grocery bag, and the items are immune from impact or pressure damage. A combination of plies adding up to or exceeding 50-pound basis weight is not acceptable. Reinforced bags or bags with a minimum of 70-pound basis weight are acceptable for easy and average loads of up to 20 pounds. Nonreinforced loose-fill padded bags are not acceptable as exterior containers, except when the exterior ply is at least 60-pound basis weight. b. Plastic bags must, as a minimum, be at least 2-mil thick polyethylene or equivalent for easy loads up to 5 pounds and 4 mils thick for easy loads up to l0 pounds. Experience indicates that plastic bags, which stretch and resist puncturing, are more durable than most nonreinforced paper bags and provide a high degree of waterproofness. However, avoid the ordinary plastic bag without the above strength characteristics. c. Heat-shrinkable plastic film--either irradiated polyethylene, linear low-density polyolefin, or copolymer--must be at least 3/4 millimeter (mm) thick for an easy load up to 5 pounds, and 1-1/4 mm thick for an average load up to 5 pounds. When requested, mailers must furnish documentation that these types of film are being used for mailing. d. Cloth bags are acceptable for easy and average loads of up to 10 pounds, provided their seams are equivalent in strength to the basic material. e. Bales and bundles are acceptable within postal weight limits, provided they are adequately compressed and reinforced to contain the material. ] DMM101Exhibit 121.3a, How to Cut Down a Box] ] DMM102Exhibit 121.3b, How to Make an Acceptable Container From Two Boxes] ] DMM103Exhibit 121.3c, Cushioning] ] DMM104Exhibit 121.3d, Cushioning] ] DMM105Exhibit 121.3e, Adequate Closure] ] DMM106Exhibit 121.3f, Banding] 121.324 Envelopes. Envelopes may be used as containers for articles when the package can reasonably be expected to be processed and delivered without damage to the contents or other mail. a. Letter-Style Envelopes. Letter-style envelopes are nongusseted, flat envelopes which meet the requirements of 128.2. Envelopes of this type are acceptable as containers for nonrigid stationery and material of a similar nature, up to 1 pound in weight and 1 inch in thickness (see 124.47). b. Other Envelopes. Envelopes exceeding the size and weight described above are acceptable for easy loads up to 5 pounds when they are made from envelope paper equivalent to 28 substance weight or greater, or are made from extra-strength materials with a Mullen strength in excess of 90 pounds per square inch. Envelopes designed as photographic film mailers or gusseted (three dimensional) envelopes are acceptable when they are made from envelope paper equivalent to 24 substance weight or greater. Envelopes may be used as containers for odd-shaped items mailed at the bulk third-class rate, provided the piece satisfies the requirements for that class of mail (see Chapter 6). Such items should be placed in suitable packages which can effectively contain the contents. 121.325 Fiberboard Tubes and Similar Long Packages. Fiberboard tubes and similar long packages are acceptable, providing their length does not exceed 10 times their girth. As a minimum, the strength of the tube ends must be equal to the tube sidewall strength, except when the contents are lightweight, rolled items. In any event, sidewall strength is equal to solid fiberboard 1/16 inch thick for tubes under 18 inches long, 3/32 inch thick for tubes 18 to 32 inches long, and 5/32 inch thick for tubes over 32 inches long. Crimped or taped end closures are not acceptable for other than lightweight rolled items. Tape must completely encircle the seams on friction slide closures of mailing tubes. 121.326 Cans and Drums. Cans and drums are acceptable with positive closures. Generally, friction closures by themselves are not acceptable. Protruding devices, such as locking rings, must be shielded by padding to prevent injury to postal employees, equipment, or other mail. 121.33 Cushioning 121.331 Cushioning absorbs and distributes forces caused by shock and vibration. Examples of cushioning materials are foamed plastics, rubberized hair, corrugated fiberboard, and loose-fill material, such as polystyrene, excelsior, and shredded newspapers. Exhibit 121.3c *viewer dmm103.pcx* and Exhibit 121.3d *viewer dmm104.pcx* show ways of using cushioning material for packaging odd-shaped items, picture frames, fragile ceramic articles, and electronic equipment. 121.332 Loose-fill cushioning must overfill the container prior to closure to hold the item and prevent its movement to an outside surface of the container or to other items in the package, but the cushioning should not distort the container. Combinations of several types of cushioning, such as corrugated fiberboard pads and less-dense, loose-fill material are most effective in force distribution. Shock and pressure forces must be dissipated over as much of the surface of the item as possible. 121.333 When several items are within a package, they must be protected from each other as well as from external forces. Concentrated heavy items must not be packaged with fragile items unless extreme care is exercised to separate the items from each other. Heavy items must be adequately stabilized (see Exhibit 121.3c*viewer dmm103.pcx* ). 121.34 Closure, Sealing, and Reinforcement 121.341 General. Closure and reinforcement of packages are primary considerations in the preparation and acceptability of any parcel. The principal methods of closure and reinforcement employ gummed and pressure-sensitive tapes, adhesives, strapping, staples for boxes and bags, and various friction closures, screw caps, and locking devices for cans and similar containers. 121.342 Tape a. Tape is used for closure, sealing, and reinforcement of containers. Cellophane and masking tape may not be used for closure or reinforcement of packages, but may be used to augment adhesive closures on envelopes or to cover staples on bags. Pressure-sensitive, filament reinforced tape, or reinforced paper tape is recommended for closure and reinforcement. b. Paper tape must be at least 60-pound basis weight kraft. This tape is widely used for closure and sealing but is not adequate for reinforcement. Reinforced kraft paper tape is considerably more durable than plain kraft tape and takes less time and tape for an equal closure. The adhesives on gummed tapes must be adequately activated prior to application and firmly applied with the tape extending at least 3 inches over the adjoining side of the box. Improper application results when the gummed adhesive is not activated or when the water is absorbed by the fibrous container. Adequate activation must be assumed if the tape remains attached to the container during handling and transportation and if at least 50% fiber tear occurs on the surface to which the tape is applied or if the tape delaminates during removal. The tape must be kept from freezing for at least 1 hour. Care should be taken when extremely cold temperatures are anticipated. Even properly applied gummed tapes tend to crack under these conditions. c. Pressure-sensitive tapes come with various paper, cloth, or plastic backings, both plain and reinforced, and may be readily applied on a clean surface at any temperature above freezing. Application, especially in below-freezing temperature, requires that the tape be rubbed down well to ensure adhesion. Pressure-sensitive tape should be used on the container in the same way as gummed tapes. d. Exhibit 121.3e *viewer dmm105.pcx* shows proper methods of applying reinforced paper tapes and reinforced pressure-sensitive tapes. Tapes can also be used to close other types of packages not illustrated, including those of irregular shapes and soft-wrapped items. Packages properly closed with reinforced tape are substantially stronger than are parcels closed with nonreinforced paper tape. Except for pressure-sensitive filament tape, tapes used for closure and reinforcement may not be less than 2 inches wide. Nonreinforced plastic tapes must be at least as strong in the cross direction as in the machine (long) direction. 121.343 Adhesive. Adhesive is a general term covering cement, glue, mucilage, paste, cold emulsion, thermal plastic, etc. Adhesive used for closure must be assumed to have been adequate if at least 50% fiber tear occurs on the surface to which the adhesive was applied. Adhesives used for closure on box flaps or on tapes must remain serviceable in temperatures from minus 20 degrees Fahrenheit to plus 160 degrees Fahrenheit. It is recommended that an adhesive cover at least 50% of the box flaps and be applied not more than 1/4 inch from the ends of the box flaps. Alternatively, four strips of hot-melt adhesive may be used on each portion of the box flap where the outer flap overlays the inner flap. Each strip must be 3/16 inch wide after compression. Strips must be a maximum 1-1/2 inches apart, with the first strip no more than 1/2 inch from the center seam. All strips must be the full width of the inner flap, or hot-melt adhesive should be applied to 25% of the area where the outer flap overlays the inner flap. 121.344 Banding. When banding is used for closure and reinforcement, it must encircle the length and girth of the package at least once. Although it is preferred that twine and cord not be used for closure and reinforcement, if used, they must be at least 20-pound tensile strength and must be secured at an intersection at least once on each side. Strapping includes both metallic and nonmetallic banding and pressure-sensitive filament tape. Loose strapping, especially metal, is not acceptable because it constitutes a hazard to employees and equipment and does not reinforce the container. It is preferred that flat steel strapping have smooth or plastic-coated edges. 121.345 Staples and Steel Stitching. Staples and steel stitching are acceptable, providing they are spaced not more than 5 inches apart for easy and average loads and 2-1/2 inches apart for difficult loads and not more than 1-1/4 inches from the ends of the box. Boxes that do not meet these requirements may be made acceptable by application of a strip of 3-inch-wide reinforced tape in the gap between the staples or by strapping to compensate for the gap in the staple closure. Exhibit 121.3f *viewer dmm106.pcx* shows banding-augmented staple closures. Improperly clinched staples in flats, envelopes, and cards are not acceptable. 121.4 Marking Exhibit 121.4 (NOT SHOWN) 121.41 General a. Marking by the mailer must be by a material which is not readily water soluble nor which can be easily rubbed off or smeared. The marking must be sharp and clear at a distance of 30 inches. It is recommended that the name and address of the sender and addressee also be inserted within the package to aid in delivery, in case the address on the package is defaced. b. Restricted articles shall be marked and labeled under 124.2. 121.42 Special Markings. Special markings as identified shall be placed in an area below the postage and above the name of the addressee. a. "Fragile" markings shall only be applied to any package containing delicate items such as glass and electrical appliances. Identification of contents is not required. b. "Perishable" markings must be applied to any package containing items which can degrade or decompose rapidly such as meat, produce, plants, or certain chemical samples. c. Handling markings, such as "Do Not Bend." shall be used only when contents are protected with stiffeners. d. Markings implying expedited handling, such as "Rush; Do Not Delay," shall not be used on any package except those intended for shipment as special delivery or special handling mail. e. Unauthorized markings which do not designate the address, nature of contents, or handling are not permitted. Obsolete markings are unauthorized and must be obliterated. Containers improperly identified as to contents are not acceptable; e.g., a box marked as containing art supplies which contains flammable liquid. Extraneous information, such as order numbers, which can be confused with ZIP Codes, are not permitted adjacent to or immediately under the last line of the address. 121.43 Marking Surfaces. Marking methods or surfaces must be of such a type as to permit application and retention of adhesive stamps, postage meter impressions, and postal endorsements made by hand stamp, ballpoint pen, or Number 2 pencil. Address labels, and particularly envelopes, must be firmly sealed to containers, especially boxes, with no more than 1/8 inch separation between the ends of the envelope and containers. Mailings which do not meet these requirements must be rejected if they have caused mail-processing problems in the past. ] DMM110Exhibit 121.4, Marking for Special Services] 121.44 Marking for Special Services. All markings for special services must be placed above the address and to the right of the return address on all articles (see Exhibit 121.4 *viewer dmm110.pcx* ). This requirement applies to endorsements for registered, insured, certified, and COD service, as well as endorsements for special delivery, restricted delivery, and return receipt requested. 121.5 Mailability Exhibit 121.5 (NOT SHOWN) 121.51 Acceptability. Acceptability of packaging is a principal criterion of mailability. No item shall be packaged so that its contents may harm personnel, equipment, or other mail. Fragile items must be packaged to withstand the mail-processing and transportation environment. Heavy items must be braced and cushioned to prevent damage to other mail. Some general classes of items which cause a continuing problem due to packaging deficiencies are described in this section. Further information may be obtained from parcel post window clerks, dock foremen, and mailing requirements personnel. Requests for exceptions to the prohibitions set forth herein shall be submitted for a ruling to the rates and classification center. 121.52 Stationery. Stationery-type items constitute a major source of "loose-in-the-mail" items. Problems occur because of unrestrained, concentrated, or shifting contents, and the use of containers, internal packaging, closures, and reinforcements which are inadequate. Stationery-type items exceeding 1 inch in depth or 1 pound in weight are not accepted in letter-style envelopes. The contents of these packages must be unitized by tying or banding or through the use of partitions on close-fitting interior containers to prevent shifting. Exhibit 121.5 *viewer dmm115.pcx* gives several examples of unitizing this type material. ] DMM115Exhibit 121.5, Unitizing Packages] 121.53 Liquids. Liquids, particularly gallon containers with friction-top closures, are a source of loss and damage to other mail and postal equipment. As a general rule, containers of liquid with only friction-top closures are not acceptable. Screw caps, soldering, clips, or other means must be employed to effect closure. Glass and other breakable containers of liquid with a capacity of over 4 fluid ounces must be cushioned with an absorbent material sufficient to take up all leakage in case of breakage inside a sealed, waterproof container. Containers of liquid with a capacity of over 32 fluid ounces shall not be acceptable for mailing unless cushioned as above and packaged within another sealed, waterproof container, such as a can or plastic bag. The outer shipping container must be of sufficient strength to provide physical protection to the contents and shall be marked to indicate the liquid nature of the contents. However, steel pails and drums with carrying handles and positive closures, such as locking rings or recessed spouts under screw-cap closures, may be accepted without additional packing. Exceptions to these procedures must be submitted for a mailability ruling as prescribed in 124.126. 121.54 Aerosols. Aerosol containers with inadequate friction-cap closures, or other nonpositive means to prevent accidental discharge of contents, are a source of loss of contents and contamination to other mail. These cans must be so constructed as to preclude accidental discharge of contents in the mail. This may be accomplished through the use of recessed valves, screw-thread caps, tape closures, or other means of preventing discharge (see 124.35). 121.55 High-Density Loads. High-density loads such as gears, machine parts, and tools are hazardous to other mail and postal equipment. Articles of this type which weigh in excess of 15 pounds and which are packaged so as not to exert more than 60 pounds per square foot (.4167 pound per square inch) pressure on the smallest side of the container are machinable. 121.56 Biological Material. Etiologic agent preparations, clinical specimens, and biological products must be packaged and marked under 124.38. Exhibit 121.56 *viewer dmm116.pcx* shows a proper method of packaging this material. 121.6 Mailing Test Packages. Packaging which does not meet the minimum requirements of this part may be allowed in a "test" status. If the test packaging achieves acceptable performance levels, the mailer may continue to use the packaging. Authority to grant "test" status to mailers may be considered by the originating BMC general manager. This decision is subject to an appeal to the rates and classification center. Requests for interpretations of Postal Service regulations which cannot be resolved by the accepting postmaster, BMC manager, or customer requirements officer, are referred to the rates and classification center. When significant deviations from existing requirements are successful, the Office of Classification and Rates Administration must be notified. Test status is also available for any provision under 121.7. ] DMM116Exhibit 121.56, Packaging of Biological Materials] 121.7 Bulk Mail System Guidelines 121.71 General. The following guidelines apply to all pieces of any class of mail which are to be individually processed in the bulk mail system. The recommended packaging materials and methods of packaging in these guidelines which are identical with mandatory requirements in 121.32 through 121.34 and 121.4 are mandatory. Particular attention is directed to the closure and reinforcement regulations in 121.34 and marking regulations in 121.4. Other recommended packaging materials and methods of packaging in these guidelines are presently optional. Those sections of the guidelines which are the same as or similar to the preceding mandatory requirements, 121.1 through 121.5, use the verbs "shall" or "must" for requirement, "will" for simple future, and "may" or "should" for option. 121.72 Books 121.721 Scope. Books, including catalogs and similar material for purposes of packaging only and not for purposes of mail classification, are defined as any item having 24 pages or more, fastened together along one edge between either hardback, paperback, or self-covers. These guidelines are designed to ensure safe handling of packages which, if the contents are unrestrained or allowed to shift, or if inadequate containers, internal packaging, closures, and reinforcement are used, are subject to possible damage. 121.722 Up to 5 Pounds a. Books exceeding 1 inch in depth or 1 pound in weight must not be accepted in letter-style envelopes, defined as those nongusseted, flat envelopes meeting the requirements of 128.2. Other envelopes, as defined in 121.324b, must be used. b. Book shipments up to 5 pounds should be packaged in close-fitting paperboard or fiberboard boxes or padded or reinforced bags (exterior ply minimum 60-pound basis weight) or wraps (corrugated or minimum 60-pound basis weight paper). The container should be no less than 1/4 inch thick. The contents of paperboard containers should support the package and should not permit a lateral shift of the books of more than 1/2 inch. A snug-fitting container is recommended. c. Closure must be accomplished by multiple friction closures (e.g., the insertion of more than one flap or tab), completely clinched staples to avoid handling injuries, heat-sealing, adhesives, tape, or nonmetallic banding. Although shrink wrap is not acceptable as the only packaging for hardback books exceeding 1 pound or 1 inch in depth, it may be used on the exterior of otherwise acceptable containers. Shrink wrap may be used as the only method of packaging for paperback books up to 3 pounds. Shrink-wrap material should have a coefficient of friction of .025 to .040 on metal surfaces at 20- to 25-degree elevations. 121.723 From 5 to 10 Pounds a. Books in this weight range should be packaged in fiberboard boxes with a minimum of 175-pound test board or equivalent. b. Closures are accomplished by the use of tape or nonmetallic banding or adhesives. The use of reinforced tape or nonmetallic banding is adequate for both closure and reinforcement. Nonmetallic banding must be firmly applied to the point that the straps must be tightened until they depress the carton at the edges in order to meet the requirements of this section. 121.724 From 10 to 25 Pounds a. Books in this weight range should be packaged in fiberboard boxes with a minimum of 200-pound test board or equivalent. b. Closure should be as in 121.723b for the 5- to 10-pound range, except that the container should be reinforced or banded in the direction which provides the greatest support with reinforced paper tape, equivalent plastic tape, pressure-sensitive filament tape, or firmly applied nonmetallic banding. The use of reinforced tape or nonmetallic banding is adequate for closure and reinforcement of these containers. Nonmetallic banding must be firmly applied to the point that the straps must be tightened until they depress the carton at the edges in order to meet the requirements of this section. 121.725 From 25 to 50 Pounds a. Books in this weight range should be packaged and closed as in 121.724b for the 10- to 25-pound range, except that hardbound books must be packaged in 275-pound test fiberboard and paperbacks must be packaged in 200-pound test containers. b. Outer containers of books should be reinforced at two points to provide the greatest support with reinforced paper or plastic tape, pressure-sensitive filament tape, or firmly applied nonmetallic banding. 121.726 From 50 to 70 Pounds. Hardbound books in this weight range should be packaged as in 121.725 for the 25- to 50-pound range, except that they should be packed in fiberboard boxes with a minimum 350-pound test board or equivalent. Paperback books must be packaged in 275-pound test fiberboard boxes. 121.727 Cushioning. Void spaces within multiple book containers must be filled with dunnage or otherwise stabilized to prevent shifting or damage to the contents or container. 121.73 High-Density Items 121.731 Scope. High-density items are defined as packages of solid objects whose weight is comparatively high for their volume, such as hardware, machine and auto parts, tools, and similar metal or heavy items, except books. These requirements ensure safe handling of packages which, if the contents are unrestrained or allowed to shift, or if inadequate containers, internal packaging, closures, and reinforcements are used, are subject to significant damage. Articles of this type which weigh in excess of 15 pounds and which are packaged so that they exert no more than 60 pounds per-square-foot (.4167 pound per-square-inch) pressure on the smallest side of the container are machinable. 121.732 From 15 to 20 Pounds a. These items should be packaged in fiberboard boxes constructed of a minimum 200-pound test board or equivalent wood, metal, or plastic containers. Plastic, metal, and similar hard containers should be packaged, treated, or otherwise prepared so that their coefficient of friction or ability to slide on a smooth, hard surface is similar to that of a domestic-class fiberboard box of the same appropriate size and weight. b. Closure should be accomplished by staples, heat-shrinking, adhesives, or tape. c. Boxes without inner packing or containing loose material should be reinforced or banded with reinforced paper or plastic tape, pressure-sensitive filament tape, or firmly applied nonmetallic banding. d. Internal blocking and bracing, including the use of interior containers, cut forms, partitions, dunnage, and liners, should be used as required so that packages are capable of maintaining their integrity without damage to the contents if dropped once on one of their smallest sides on a solid surface from a height of 3 feet. 121.733 From 20 to 45 Pounds. These items must be packaged, closed, and reinforced as above in 121.732, except that reinforcement should be by the use of pressure-sensitive filament tape or nonmetallic banding. 121.734 From 45 to 70 Pounds. These items must be packaged, closed, and reinforced as above in 121.733, except that exterior containers must be a minimum of 275-pound test fiberboard or equivalent. 121.74 Soft Goods 121.741 Scope. Soft goods are defined as any textile material, normally associated with wearing apparel, sheets, blankets, pillows and pillow cases, draperies, cloth, dry goods, hats and fabrics, etc. These guidelines ensure safe handling of packages which, if the containers are inadequately closed or cannot withstand puncture, friction, or compression during normal handling operations, are subject to significant damage. 121.742 Up to 5 Pounds a. Soft goods in quantities up to 5 pounds should be packaged in cloth bags, paper bags, or wraps (outer ply minimum 50-pound basis weight), plastic bags (minimum 2 mil thick polyethylene or equivalent strength), paperboard, or fiberboard boxes. Boxes must be filled to capacity. b. Paper bags, plastic bags, or wraps should be closed or vented in a manner to permit rapid compression of the pack. c. Closure of bags may be by completely clinched staples, heat-sealing, adhesives, sewing, or tape. Improperly clinched staples must be removed to prevent injury to handling personnel and other mail. d. Closure of boxes may be by staples, adhesives, tape, heat-shrinking, or nonmetallic banding. Paper tape should be applied along all box flaps and closure seams. Equivalent-strength plastic tape is also acceptable. Although shrink wrapping is not acceptable as the only means of packaging, it may be used on the exterior of otherwise acceptable boxes. e. When the density of soft goods is less than 4 pounds per cubic foot in boxes, they should be reinforced in at least two of the longest directions. 121.743 From 5 to 10 Pounds a. Soft goods in this weight range should be packaged in cloth bags, paper bags, or wraps (outer ply minimum 70-pound basis weight), filament reinforced paper bags, plastic bags (minimum 4-mil thick polyethylene or equivalent strength), or fiberboard boxes. b. The methods of closure of these containers should be as specified in 121.742c and 121.742d. Reinforced tape is adequate for both closure and reinforcement. 121.744 From 10 to 20 Pounds a. Soft goods in this weight range should be packaged in paper bags or wraps (minimum 70-pound basis weight paper), reinforced paper bags or cloth bags, or fiberboard boxes with a minimum 175-pound test board or equivalent. b. Closure of boxes may be by staples, adhesives, reinforced paper tape, or equivalent plastic tape, except that the container should be reinforced or banded by the method which provides the greatest support with pressure-sensitive filament tape or firmly applied nonmetallic banding. The use of reinforced tape is adequate for closure and reinforcement of these containers. 121.745 From 20 to 45 Pounds a. Soft goods in this weight range should be packaged as specified for the 10- to 20-pound weight range in 121.744a, except that fiberboard containers must be a minimum of 200-pound test board. b. Closure should be as specified in 121.744b. Containers should be reinforced at two points to provide the greatest support with reinforced paper or plastic tape, pressure-sensitive filament tape, or firmly applied nonmetallic banding. 121.746 From 45 to 70 Pounds. Soft goods in this weight range should be packaged, closed, and reinforced as specified for the 20- to 45-pound range, except that fiberboard containers must be a minimum of 275-pound test board. 121.75 Sound Recordings 121.751 Scope. Sound recordings are defined for purposes of packaging only and not for the purposes of mail classification as plastic, nonbreakable disc-type records, normally 33-1/3, 45, or 78 RPM, as well as magnetic tapes, normally used in home and auto sound-reproducing equipment. These guidelines ensure safe handling and reduce breakage and loss of destination markings. 121.752 Records up to 10 Pounds a. Records in paper sleeves, paperboard, or chipboard shells must be packed in 70-pound basis weight envelopes for weights up to 3 pounds, or outer corrugated, fiberboard containers for weights up to 10 pounds. The containers should be no less than 1/4 inch thick. b. Closure should be accomplished by the use of adhesives, kraft paper tape, equivalent plastic tape, or staples. 121.753 Records from 10 to 20 Pounds. Multiple shell containers should be closed as in 121.752b, except that the outer container should be reinforced in at least one direction with reinforced paper or plastic tape, pressure-sensitive filament tape, or firmly applied nonmetallic banding. The use of reinforced tape is adequate for closure and reinforcement of the outer container. 121.754 Records from 20 to 40 Pounds. Multiple shell containers must be packaged in 175-pound test fiberboard containers or equivalent and closed and reinforced as in 121.752b, except that the containers should be reinforced at two points with pressure-sensitive filament or nonmetallic banding to provide the greatest support. 121.755 Records from 40 to 70 Pounds. Multiple shell containers up to 65 pounds must be packaged in 200-pound test fiberboard containers or equivalent and closed and reinforced as in 121.754, except that containers must be reinforced approximately every 8 inches around the package. Containers over 65 pounds must be 275-pound test fiberboard or equivalent. 121.76 Acceptability of Magnetic Tapes 121.761 Scope. Tape cassettes and cartridges are a small problem because of inadequate containers for small quantities and failure to provide internal and external reinforcement of large quantities of tapes in a single parcel. 121.762 Tapes up to 5 Pounds a. Individual tapes may be packaged in plastic film wrap (minimum .00075 mil), cushioned bags, or cushioned and packaged in paper bags with a minimum basis weight of 60 pounds. Multiple tapes must be packed in outer fiberboard containers or chipboard containers (minimum .022 mil). b. Closure must be accomplished by multiple friction closures (e.g., the insertion of more than one flap or tab), completely clinched staples, heat-shrinking or adhesives, or by tape. Paper tape must be a minimum of 60-pound basis weight kraft. Shrink wrapping is acceptable on the exterior of otherwise acceptable boxes of multiple tape shipments. 121.763 Tapes from 5 to 10 Pounds. In addition to the guidelines in 121.762, closure must be accomplished only by the use of adhesives, tape, or staples. 121.764 Tapes from 10 to 20 Pounds. Packaging and closure must be as in 121.763 for the 5- to 10-pound range, except that the container should be reinforced or banded in a direction which provides the greatest support with reinforced paper or plastic tape, pressure-sensitive filament tape, or firmly applied nonmetallic banding. The use of reinforced tape is adequate for closure and reinforcement of these containers. 121.765 Tapes from 20 to 40 Pounds. Tapes in this weight range must be packaged in fiberboard boxes of 175-pound test. Closure must be as in 121.764 for the 10- to 20-pound range, except that the container must be banded or reinforced at two points with reinforced paper or plastic tape, pressure-sensitive filament tape, or firmly applied nonmetallic banding, to provide the greatest support. 121.766 Tapes over 40 Pounds. Tapes in this weight range up to 65 pounds must be packaged, closed, and reinforced as in 121.765 for the 20- to 40-pound range, except that fiberboard containers of at least 200-pound test board or equivalent must be used. Containers over 65 pounds must be 275-pound test fiberboard or equivalent. 122 Delivery Address 122.1 Requirements 122.11 General. The purpose of an address is to indicate the specific delivery location of a mailpiece. 122.12 Legible Address. Mail must bear the legible address of the intended recipient on one side only. (See 124.63a(13) for exception on live, day-old poultry.) 122.13 Address Elements. Except as specified in 122.41 for simplified address mail in 122.9 for mail qualifying for automation-based rates, an address must contain at least the following elements that appear in the following order: a. Name or identification of the intended recipient. b. Street and number and apartment number, or box number, or general delivery, or rural or highway contract route designation and box number, as appropriate (see 122.31). c. City and state. City is the name of the post office (the delivery post office) serving the intended recipient. d. ZIP Code (5-digit or ZIP+4), where required. ZIP Codes (5-digit or ZIP+4) are required on the following: (1) Presorted First-Class Mail (see 361.4). (2) Any mail claimed at an automation-based rate (see 514.1). (3) Postal cards and postcards, not mailed as Presorted First-Class Mail, which are mailed under 322.31h, 322.31i, 322.31j or 322.32. (4) Second-class mail (see 429.3 and 429.625f). (5) Bulk third-class mail (see 629.32). (6) Fourth-class mail (see 761.1). (7) Business reply mail (see 917.525). (8) Merchandise return (see 919.43). (9) Mail sent to military addresses within the United States (see 122.82). (10) Penalty mail (see 137.263a(3)). (11) Personalized envelopes (see 141.242). (12) Return addresses of mail on which postage is paid by stamps precanceled by bars only (see 143.21a). (13) The sender's return address, when return service is requested on second-class mail (see 473). 122.14 Placement of Address 122.141 Letter-Size Mail a. The placement of the address on a letter-size mailpiece determines which dimensions are the length and height of the piece and, consequently, may cause the piece to be either nonmailable or nonstandard (see 127, 128, 324, 352, 353, 429.321, and 629.2). b. See 322.3 regarding address placement on postcards. c. See 540 for address placement on mail claimed at any ZIP+4 rate. 122.142 Clear Space. A clear space must be provided on all mail for the address, stamps, postmarks, and postal endorsements. 122.143 Other Mail-Processing Categories. See 122.141a for all letter-size pieces and 429.31 and Exhibit 429.3 *viewer dmm415.pcx* for address placement on second-class publications. 122.15 Return Address 122.151 General. The return address contains elements corresponding to those for the destination address (see 122.13). 122.152 Name of Sender. The name of the sender is not required to be shown in the return address unless specifically prescribed elsewhere in this manual. However, when the name of the sender is not included as a part of the return address, a clear designation, such as apartment, suite, or room number, is required in the return address to ensure proper handling of ancillary services and/or return of the mailpiece. 122.153 Ancillary Services. The return address is used by the Postal Service to render ancillary services requested by the mailer. The return address on any mailpiece bearing a mailer endorsement for an ancillary service must identify the place to which the mail is to be returned and at which the mailer is prepared to pay applicable postage and fees for pieces returned or for ancillary service provided at the mailer's request. 122.154 Required Use. The mail listed below must bear, in legible form, the return address of the actual sender. a. Mail of any class, when its return and/or address correction service is desired (see 122.17). b. Official mail (see 137.27 and 137.285). c. Mail matter on which postage is paid by stamps bearing a precancel imprint (see 143.171, 143.172, and 143.173). d. Matter bearing company permit imprints (see 145.352). e. Priority Mail (see 361.2). f. Second-class mail in envelopes or wrappers (see 429.42). g. Fourth-class mail (see 761.14). h. Registered mail (see 911.31a). i. Insured mail (see 913.13e). j. COD mail (see 914.131). k. Certified mail, if a return receipt is requested (see 912.44b). l. Express Mail, if a return receipt is requested (see 297). (Note: The return address on the Express Mail label satisfies this requirement.) 122.155 Placement of Return Address. See 540 for additional requirements for the placement of the return address on any mailpieces claimed at a ZIP+4 rate. 122.16 Special Addressing Instructions. The following mail items must be addressed under the sections listed below: a. Overseas military mail (see 122.8). b. Department of State mail (see 126.2). c. Window envelope mail (see 129.3). d. International mail (International Mail Manual 122.1). e. Mail claimed at any ZIP+4 rate (see 530 and 540). f. Mail claimed at any ZIP+4 Barcoded rate (see 530 and 550). 122.17 Endorsements. A mailer's specific instructions for forwarding mail (see 159.2), as well as requests for address-correction service or return (see 159.3), must appear below the sender's return address, subject to the placement restrictions in 122.155 and 540. A return address (see 122.15) complete with apartment, suite, or room numbers to identify the intended delivery point in multiple delivery units, must be used with these endorsements. On all mail, the endorsement must appear in either the upper left corner of the address side of the piece or the upper left corner of the addressing area of the piece, directly below the return address. (While not a requirement, it is strongly recommended that endorsements on letter-size mail not appear lower than 2-3/4 inches from the bottom edge of the envelope. Endorsements in the lower 2-3/4 inches of the envelope could result in misrouting of the piece on Postal Service automated letter mail equipment.) Endorsements must be no smaller than 8-point type. Endorsements and return addresses must be printed so that they read in the same direction as the delivery address. There must be a clear space of at least 1/4 inch both above and below the endorsement. An endorsement must stand out clearly against its background. A reasonable degree of color contrast (see 543 for acceptable specifications) must be maintained between the endorsement and the background of the mailpiece. Black ink on a white background is strongly preferred, but other color combinations may be used. Brilliant colored envelopes and reverse printing are not permitted. See Exhibit 159.151a through Exhibit 159.151f for specific mailer endorsements authorized for each class of mail. Mail bearing an endorsement that does not meet the requirements of this section and 159.151 is not acceptable for mailing. #T198= FNT7/TABL,1,4,10/TABL,2,20,206/TABL,3,0,78/TABL,4,80,146 ] ] ] ] Examples: a. FRANK B WHITE 2416 FRONT ST ST LOUIS MO 63135-1234 FORWARDING & RETURN POSTAGE GUARANTEED b. FRANK B WHITE 2416 FRONT ST ST LOUIS MO 63135-1234 ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED c. FRANK B WHITE 2416 FRONT ST ST LOUIS MO 63135-1234 FORWARDING & RETURN POSTAGE GUARANTEED ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED d. FRANK B WHITE 2416 FRONT ST ST LOUIS MO 63135-1234 FORWARDING & ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED (ARTWORK NOT SHOWN) DMM120 122.18 Retaining Mail. At the sender's request, the delivery post office retains mail, other than registered, insured, certified, COD, and return receipt for merchandise, for not less than 3 days nor more than 30 days. To request a specific retention time, the sender, in his return address, must request that mail be held. Requests to lengthen or shorten retention periods to not less than 3 days nor more than 30 days are honored only at the sender's request. (See 159.323 for registered, insured, certified, COD, and return receipt for merchandise mail retention periods.) Examples: a.RETURN IN 3 DAYS TO: FRANK B WHITE 2416 FRONT ST ST LOUIS MO 63135-2134 b.RETURN IN 30 DAYS TO: FRANK B WHITE 2416 FRONT ST ST LOUIS MO 63135-2134 122.2 Restrictions 122.21 Dual Address--Different Lines. Mail bearing both a street address and a post office box number on different address lines is delivered to the address element appearing on the line immediately above the city and state. If a ZIP Code (ZIP+4 or 5-digit) is used, it must correspond with the address element immediately above the city and state. These restrictions also apply to return addresses on mail matter. 122.22 Dual Address--Same Line. Mail bearing both a street address and a post office box number on the same address line is delivered to the post office box. If a ZIP Code (ZIP+4 or 5-digit) is used, it must correspond with the post office box number in the address. This type of addressing is not recommended. Examples: PREFERRED ADDRESS FORMAT GRAND PRODUCTS INC Mail will be100 MAJOR ST delivered herePO BOX 200 MORGAN STATION NEW YORK NY 10001-0200 GRAND PRODUCTS INC Mail will bePO BOX 200 MORGAN STATION delivered here100 MAJOR ST NEW YORK NY 10045-2345 NOT RECOMMENDED GRAND PRODUCTS INC Mail will bePO BOX 200 100 MAJOR ST delivered toNEW YORK NY 10001-0200 PO Box GRAND PRODUCTS INC Mail will be100 MAJOR ST PO BOX 200 delivered toNEW YORK NY 10001-0200 PO Box HR3 HR5 HR6 VR5 Examples: PREFERRED ADDRESS FORMAT GRAND PRODUCTS INC Mail will be100 MAJOR ST delivered here PO BOX 200 MORGAN STATION NEW YORK NY 10001-0200 GRAND PRODUCTS INC Mail will bePO BOX 200 MORGAN STATION delivered here 100 MAJOR ST NEW YORK NY 10045-2345 NOT RECOMMENDED GRAND PRODUCTS INC Mail will be PO BOX 200 100 MAJOR ST delivered toNEW YORK NY 10001-0200 PO Box GRAND PRODUCTS INC Mail will be100 MAJOR ST PO BOX 200 delivered toNEW YORK NY 10001-0200 PO Box 122.23 Dual Address. Mail bearing the name of more than one post office in either the address or return address is not acceptable for mailing. 122.24 Return to Point of Mailing Endorsement. An endorsement directing return to point of mailing (postmark) must not be honored. 122.25 Postage Placement 122.251 All Mail. In determining placement of postage, the mailpiece must be oriented so that the address can be read without turning the mailpiece. Permit imprints must be located as specified in 145.22. 122.252 Letter-Size Mail. Postage stamps and meter stamps must be placed in the upper right corner of the address side of a letter-size mailpiece. 122.253 Other Processing Categories. For other than letter-size mailpieces, postage stamps and meter stamps must be placed in the upper right corner of the address side, of the address area, or of the address label. 122.26 Automation-Based Rates. Additional addressing restrictions may apply to mail claimed at an automation-based rate. See 520, 530, 540, and 550. 122.3 Recommendations 122.31 Address Elements and Return Address. The address elements in 122.13b (street and number and apartment number, or box number, or general delivery, or rural or highway contract route designation and box number) should be included in the address on all mail matter to ensure delivery and to prevent nondelivery or return because of insufficient addressing. The return address should be included on all mail. The return address on letter-size mail (see 128.2) should be located in the upper left corner of the address side. Other processing categories (see 128.1) should have the return address in the upper left corner of the address area. The return address should not be positioned below the delivery address. It should not appear on the reverse side of a mailpiece. Specific requirements apply to mail prepared for automation-based rates (see 520 through 550). 122.32 ZIP Code Use. The use of ZIP Codes is recommended on all mail because they enable the Postal Service to achieve greater reliability and efficiency in dispatch and delivery. Although its use is voluntary, except where a ZIP+4 discount is claimed, use of the ZIP+4 is preferred over the 5-digit ZIP Code. Mailers are encouraged to use the ZIP+4 in their return address, as well. 122.33 Addressing Guidelines. The Postal Service also requests that mailers follow certain addressing guidelines that permit the efficient processing of letter-size mail on automated optical character readers (OCRs) and barcode sorters (BCSs). Specific requirements apply to mail prepared for automation-based rates (see 520 through 550). The address or, at a minimum, the city, state, and ZIP Code lines of the address on letter-size mail should be located within an imaginary rectangle (the OCR read area) on the front of the mailpiece formed by the following boundaries: a. At least 1/2 inch from the left edge. b. At least 1/2 inch from the right edge. c. At least 5/8 inch from the bottom edge (bottom line of rectangle). d. No more than 2-3/4 inches from the bottom edge (top line of rectangle) (see Exhibit 122.33 *viewer dmm125.pcx* ). Exhibit 122.33 (NOT SHOWN) ] DMM125Last Line of Address Must be Completely Within Suggested Address Area (Not Drawn to Scale) Exhibit 122.33] 122.34 Other Marks. Nonaddress printing, computer-punched holes, etc., should not be placed within the OCR read area, alongside or below the city, state, and ZIP Code lines of the address. Specific requirements apply to mail prepared for automation-based rates (see 520 through 550). 122.35 Specific Delivery Information. Unit, apartment, mail receptacle, office, or suite number should be included in the address. Place that information at the end of the delivery address line. If there is not enough space on this line, place it on the line immediately above the delivery address. Mailers are encouraged to include this information in the return address as well. Specific requirements apply to mail prepared for automation-based rates (see 520 through 550). 122.36 Inverted Addresses. Addresses should not be inverted (upside down). Specific requirements apply to mail prepared for automation-based rates (see 520 through 550). 122.37 Addresses on Parcels. See Exhibit 122.37a. *viewer dmm130.pcx* Exhibit 122.37a (NOT SHOWN) ] DMM130Exhibit 122.37a] a. Parcels which bear address labels must have the regular postage meter stamps affixed by accepting postal employees so that the stamps overlap the upper right corner of the label, as shown in Exhibit 122.37b. *viewer dmm135.pcx* Exhibit 122.37b (NOT SHOWN) ] DMM135Exhibit 122.37b] b. Postmasters should seek the cooperation of business mailers by asking them to affix postage in this manner. Parcels bearing address labels covering any portion of the postage or showing other significant evidence of overlabeling shall be withheld from dispatch or delivery and must be immediately reported to the nearest postal inspector or postal inspector in charge. 122.38 Address Slip. A slip should be attached to articles enclosed in parcels showing the address of the sender and addressee. 122.39 Parallel Address. On all mail processing categories the address should be parallel or nearly parallel to the longest edge of the mailpiece. (See the requirement for letter-size mail in 122.141.) Specific requirements apply to mail prepared for automation-based rates (see 520 through 550). 122.4 Alternative Addressing Formats 122.41 Simplified Address Format 122.411 Rural Route, Highway Contract Route, and Post Office Boxholders a. Mail may carry the simplified address, "Postal Customer," when general distribution is desired for the following: (1) Each boxholder on a rural or highway contract route. (2) Each family on a rural route (at any post office). (3) All boxholders at a post office without city or village carrier service. b. A more specific address such as "Rural Route Boxholder," followed by the name of the post office and state, may be used. The use of the word "Local" is optional. (See 122.45 for the applicability of this section to mail under the franking privilege.) 122.412 City Routes and Post Office Boxholders a. The addressee's name and street address or post office box number may be omitted from the address on pieces mailed as official matter by agencies of the federal government, any state, county, or municipal government, and the governments of the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and any United States territory or possession listed in 111.2a, when distribution is to be made to each stop or possible delivery on city carrier routes or to each post office boxholder at a post office which has city carrier service. b. If the addressee's name and address are omitted, as provided in 122.412a, one of the following forms of address must be used: (1) Postal Customer. (2) Residential Customer (delivery desired at residential addresses only). (3) Business Customer (delivery desired at business addresses only). c. Mailpieces must be prepared as prescribed by 122.413 and 640, and, as applicable, by 424.7 or 624.8. d. At least 10 days before the date of mailing, the mailer must furnish a sample mailpiece and the following information to the postmaster of the entry post office: (1) Proposed date of mailing. (2) Total number of pieces being mailed. (3) Method of postage payment. (4) Names of all city delivery post offices that are to receive part of the mailing and the number of pieces for each office. e. The postmaster gives the mailer a mailing schedule that the mailer must follow. 122.413 Preparation Requirements a. All pieces for the same post office must be tied, so far as practicable, in packages of 50. A facing slip must be attached showing distribution desired, such as rural route, city route, or post office boxholder. If the pieces are tied in quantities other than 50 for each separation, the number of pieces must be shown on the facing slip. Mailings sent at the Firstor third-class carrier route presort rates must have pieces endorsed in accordance with 362.31 or 629.63. First-, second-, or third-class carrier route presorted packages must be labeled in accordance with 367.32, 444.24, or 641.4. Walk-sequence rate pieces must be prepared to meet the applicable requirements of 424.7 or 624.8. b. If selective distribution is desired, a sufficient number of pieces must be presented to cover the route or routes selected. Show the route numbers on the facing slips. c. For other than official mailings under penalty or "Postage and Fees Paid" imprint (see 137.2), postage at the proper rate must be fully prepaid by a method which does not require cancellation (e.g., by permit imprints, second-class imprints, meter stamps, or by means of precanceled stamps, precanceled stamped envelopes, or precanceled postal cards). d. Designations such as "Farmer," "Food Buyer," "Voter," are not permitted. 122.414 Prohibited Use. Copies of a second-class publication bearing a simplified address cannot be counted as subscriber or requester copies to meet the circulation requirements of 423.121 or 423.421. 122.42 Occupant Address Format 122.421 Style of Address. To selectively address mail to a rural route and box number without addressing the rural customer by name, or to address mail to a specific street number without addressing the occupant by name, or to address mail to a specific post office box number without addressing the boxholder by name, the following style may be used: Postal Customer (or Occupant, Householder, Resident) (Street and number, including apartment number, if any, or post office box number, or rural route and box number) (Post Office and State and ZIP Code) 122.422 Prohibited Use. Copies of a second-class publication bearing an occupant form of address cannot be counted as subscriber or requester copies to meet the circulation requirements in 423.121 or 423.421. 122.43 Exceptional Address Format 122.431 Required Formats. Except as provided in 122.432 and 122.433, mailers have the option to use an exceptional form of address on all mail. When using an exceptional address, one of the address formats in Exhibit 122.431 *viewer dmf000.pcx* must be used (except that the use of the word "Current," is not mandatory) and it must be placed in the address block area (see 122.1, 122.2, and 122.3): (1) JANE DOE OR CURRENT RESIDENT street and number including apartment number, if any, or post office box number, or rural route and box number Post Office and State and ZIP Code (2) JANE DOE OR CURRENT RESIDENT street and number including apartment number, if any, or post office box number, or rural route and box number Post Office and State and ZIP Code (3) JANE DOE OR CURRENT OCCUPANT street and number including apartment number, if any, or post office box number, or rural route and box number Post Office and State and ZIP Code (4) JANE DOE OR CURRENT OCCUPANT street and number including apartment number, if any, or post office box number, or rural route and box number Post Office and State and ZIP Code Exhibit 122.431] 122.432 Alternative Location. Mailers who cannot accommodate the current resident/occupant information on the first or second line of the address may use one authorized default position. This default position is immediately above the address block. Mailers who use an optional endorsement line must place the exceptional address format ("Or Current Resident"/"Or Current Occupant") at least 1/2 inch, but not more than 3/4 inch, above the optional endorsement line. When window envelopes are used with an optional endorsement line, the exceptional address information may be printed either in the area on the insert which shows through the window or above the window on the envelope. Mailers using this alternative location also may reverse the order of the words, for example, "Current Resident Or" may be used in place of "Or Current Resident." The use of the word "Current" is not mandatory. See the examples in Exhibit 122.432 *viewer dmf000.pcx* : Examples: (Without an Optional Endorsement Line) (5) CURRENT RESIDENT OR JANE DOE street and number including apartment number, if any, or post office box number, or rural route and box number Post Office and State and ZIP Code (6) CURRENT OCCUPANT OR JANE DOE street and number including apartment number, if any, or post office box number, or rural route and box number Post Office and State and ZIP Code Examples: (With an Optional Endorsement Line) (7) CURRENT RESIDENT OR ******************************CR10 JANE DOE street and number including apartment number, if any, or post office box number, or rural route and box number Post Office and State and ZIP Code (8) CURRENT OCCUPANT OR ******************************CR10 JANE DOE street and number including apartment number, if any, or post office box number, or rural route and box number Post Office and State and ZIP Code Exhibit 122.432] 122.433 Prohibited Uses. The exceptional address format may not be used on the following: a. Express Mail. b. Mail which is registered, certified, insured, or has COD service. c. Mail bearing an address-correction service endorsement or any other type of endorsement (see 159.151). d. Copies of second-class publications intended to meet the circulation requirements of 423.121 or 423.421. 122.434 Undeliverable-As-Addressed Mailpieces a. Mail bearing an exceptional form of address is always delivered as addressed and may not be forwarded. Only if the address is incorrect or incomplete, or if the mail cannot be delivered for another reason, is it treated as undeliverable (see 159). Undeliverable First-Class Mail is returned to sender. b. The reason for nondelivery of second-class mail bearing an exceptional form of address is provided to the publisher only when the mail is undeliverable as addressed for reasons other than a move by the named addressee. This mail is not returned or forwarded. 122.44 Number of Customers 122.441 Delivery Statistics File. Delivery statistics for all carrier routes, rural routes, highway contract routes, general delivery units, and post office box sections are included in the Delivery Statistics File. This database is available on tape and cartridge only for the entire nation. Hard copy files may be obtained only for individual 3-digit or 5-digit areas. Information by regions is available on microfiche. The information is updated monthly via transaction files and can be ordered either with a single base file in the initial shipment or with a base file furnished quarterly. For information on charges and an order form, telephone 1-800-238-3150 or, in Tennessee, 1-800-233-0453. The products can be ordered by sending a written request and appropriate payment to the Postal Service Delivery Statistics File, National Address Information Center (for address, see Address List in Appendices). 122.442 Information Obtained from Post Offices. On request, postmasters must furnish, without charge, information for their post offices as follows: a. Number of post office boxholders. b. Route numbers and number of boxholders on each rural and highway contract route. c. Route numbers and number of families on each rural route. d. Number of families served or number of business places served within the total delivery area or on particular carrier routes. 122.45 Mailing under Congressional Frank 122.451 Address by Name and Post Office. Except as provided in 122.452, all mail sent under the franking privilege must be addressed to the recipient by name and post office address. 122.452 Alternative Addressing Formats a. Mail sent under the franking privilege of a member of, or member-elect to, the Congress, or a delegate, delegate-elect, resident commissioner, or resident commissioner-elect to the House of Representatives may be addressed under the alternative addressing formats in 122.41, 122.42, and 122.43 for delivery to customers within the district, state, or area which he was elected to represent. A member whose congressional district is redistricted may also send mail under his frank, using the alternative addressing formats for delivery within any additional area added to his district, beginning on the date the redistricting is complete by legislative or judicial proceedings (whether or not the redistricting is actually in effect), and continuing until his district is again changed by further legislative or judicial proceedings. Mail with an alternative addressing format is delivered within the district, state, or area to any or all the following: (1) Each boxholder or each family on a rural or highway contact route. (2) Each post office boxholder. (3) Each stop or possible delivery on city carrier routes. b. The information in 122.44 is, on request, furnished for a congressional district in those instances where a post office serves areas which are located in more than one district. c. Simplified address mailings sent under the frank must be prepared as prescribed in 122.413. Each facing slip should show the congressional district or other area in which delivery is to be made. d. Representatives elected at large may send franked mail with simplified address to postal customers within the entire state which elected the member. 122.46 Overseas Military Post Offices. The simplified forms of address in this section are not acceptable on mail for overseas military post offices. (See 122.81 for the proper methods of addressing mail for overseas military post offices.) 122.5 Mailing List Services. Postal Service correction of mailing lists is provided for in 945. 122.6 ZIP Code System 122.61 Description 122.611 General. The ZIP Code system is a numbered coding system that facilitates the efficient processing of mail. The most complete ZIP Code is a 9-digit number consisting of five numbers, a hyphen, and four numbers, for which the Postal Service has adopted the term "ZIP+4" as its trademark. The correct format for a numeric ZIP+4 code is five numbers, a hyphen, and four numbers. When printed on a mailpiece claimed at a ZIP+4 rate, a numeric ZIP+4 code must also meet the requirements of 542.4. See 515.3 for the definition of the numeric equivalent of the delivery point barcode (DPBC). A correct DPBC numeric equivalent appears as five numbers, a hyphen, and seven numbers. On barcoded pieces, a correct numeric DPBC equivalent satisfies the requirement for a numeric ZIP Code. Use of the numeric equivalent of the DPBC is allowed only on pieces in barcoded rate mailings. 122.612 Significance of Numbers in ZIP+4. The first three digits identify the delivery area of the sectional center facility (SCF) or major city post office serving the area in which the address is located. The next two digits (the fourth and fifth digits) identify the delivery area of the associate post office or branch station of the major city post office serving the address. The sixth and seventh digits (the first two digits following the hyphen) identify an area known as a "sector." The eighth and ninth digits identify a smaller area known as a "segment." The final four digits of the ZIP+4 identify specific geographic units such as these: a side of a street between intersections, both sides of a street between intersections, an individual building, a floor or group of floors in a large building, a firm within a building, a span of boxes on a rural route, or a group of post office boxes in which mail delivery is made by a single postal employee. 122.62 Purpose. The ZIP Code system enables the Postal Service to achieve greater accuracy, speed, and economy in the processing and delivery of mail.